Women s Rights For Equal Rights - 1208 Words

In the U.S and most developed countries, women have gone far in fighting for their equal rights. The movement continues today and as more and more women are call upon to be aware of their roles in the society. However, the force of masculine force is still dominated and make it hard for women. Some complain and doubt that feminists have cross the line which thrown the society to another extreme, putting male into discrimination, demanding a retrivition of their male power. Sheryl Sandberg, American technology executive, points out that patriarchic values still ruin the world by saying that of the 195 independent countries in the world, only 17 are led by women. Woman hold just 20 percent of seats in parliaments globally (2). the rights that we fight for now take for granted(2). In addition, Sandberg reminds that around the globe, there are still countries that deny women basic civil rights(2). The United States has fought for equal rights for centuries and many dedicated their lives to get the respect for women and other minority groups. Sandberg also points out that In the United States, where people pride ourselves on liberty and justice for all, the gender division of leadership roles is not much better(2). If women in developed county which process a long history of feminist movement still cannot Understanding that the issue remains severe and across multiple countries, it is time to tease out the essence of feminist movements and examine what and how a femaleShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights For Equal Rights1317 Words   |  6 PagesAt this time period racism and discrimination was going on, women were fighting for equal rights. However African American women had to fight double because of racism. Sojourner Truth was the most famous of the 19th Century black women orators, she was born into slavery, she fought for equal rights for men and women. Her speech â€Å"Ar’nt I a Woman† was written by others, after 25 years she had spoken.The people that wrote her speech had problems agreeing with what and how she said things on her speechRead MoreWomen s Rights For Equal Treatment And Equal Rights1240 Words   |  5 PagesBlanca Romero November 1st, 2015 Fall 2015 Womenism in Our Everyday Life Women have always been treated as second class citizens in the United States, they have battled for equal treatment and equal rights. Although women have more rights than they used to, there is still much progress to be made. There is a clear discrimination against women to this day; there’s a disadvantage when it comes to the workplace, they get paid less than men and are less likely to have authority positionsRead MoreWomen s Struggle For Equal Rights860 Words   |  4 Pagespre-Revolutionary France and America, Women had no political rights and were forced to rely on men. The women were destined to live a life of a house wife, she was only seen competent enough in society to raise and educate kids and take care of her household. In both countries, the revolution increased the population’s attention to political matters and made liberty and equality very important to the people. Unfortunately, Women did not claim any rights during this time, but the women of t he French RevolutionRead MoreThe Battle For Women s Equal Rights1040 Words   |  5 PagesBill of Rights were even completely formed, women were wanting the same rights as men. John Adams wife, Abigail, told him that she wanted womens rights in the amendments (Carr, 2015). The battle for women s equal rights heightened during 1848-1920 when women, lead mostly by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, wanted the right to vote (Woman’s Rights Movement, n.d.). When women finally got the right to vote, the whole women s movement went down, but never fully went away. In the 60’s the EqualRead MoreWhy Women s Rights Are Not Equal1456 Words   |  6 Pages Why Women’s rights are not equal Women have been struggling for equality and equal rights for years. Females in history have been pushed around for countless ages due to the fact that women have been the lower class.Women have made great progress in the world through protests and great struggle.Women are looked down upon in many different cultures. Through the ages women have become smarter and more developed thinking processes. With this being said women should have equal rights due to the factRead MoreWomen s Equal Rights Amendment1433 Words   |  6 PagesCampaigning for the Equal Rights Amendment in the early twentieth century, women found it particularly difficult to have their efforts opposed by other women. One of the hovering questions that went along with the proposal of the amendment was whether those supporting equality for women, advocating the equality of opportunity, would also support the enablement of women to be freely different from men without consequence. There were passionate feelings on both sides of the arguments and this debateRead MoreWomen s Rights On Equal Basis With Men1505 Words   |  7 PagesIf we can remove all the inequities and put women on equal basis with men, we recognize that we can reveal human potential very drastically. This is simply achieved by allowing women the same access and capabilities as men. We are so much closer to achieving equality between men and women than we have ever been before. I believe after the women’s suffrage in the early 1920’s, most women were recognized in politics. Women put themselves in positions of power; they presented themselves with powerRead MoreWomen s Rights, Power, And Equal Ability Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesmother has been viewed as the nurturer: who gives birth to children, stays home, feeds and raises them. Step by step women wanted more rights, power, and equal ability. In the 20 century women were given these rights and could finally seek jobs outside of the home. A lot of questions appeared when women needed to leave their children with someone to care while mother working. Mother s absence from home for whole day leads to new values which not include in the mother’s primary role in building ethicalRead MoreBarbie s Influence On Women s Equal Rights And Opportunities1760 Words   |  8 PagesBarbie, has contributed an impeccable standard for young girls--from the unhealthy body images for girls to the l ow self-assurance Barbie has brought upon them. To counteract the previous statement, with the help of Barbie’s many job titles, women s equal rights and opportunities have flourished. The creator of Barbie, Ruth Handler, created her so that, â€Å"through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted to be. Barbie always represented the fact that a woman has choices,† (Mattel 2016)Read MoreWomen s Suffrage : The Long Resisted Struggle Of Equal Right Voting1905 Words   |  8 PagesWomen’s Suffrage: The long resisted struggle of equal right voting â€Å"Remember the ladies†, wrote boldly by the soon to be First Lady Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in March 1776. Abigail Adams’s words were one of the first noted mentions in the United States foreshadowing the beginning of a long suppressed battle towards women’s suffrage. The fight for women suffrage was a movement in which women, and some men included, pleaded for equal rights regarding voting and women’s voice within the

Jim Braddock and The Great Depression - 1154 Words

Franklin Roosevelt said, â€Å"When you come to the end of your rope, tie a knot and hang on,† and it directly relates to the Great Depression. People thought that because of this huge downturn that they would not survive but they had to â€Å"tie a knot in their rope,† and continue to try and survive. The great depression was a time of horror and failure. The giant Stock Market crashes of the 1930’s triggered this major blow to the nations economy. This major devastation also leads many families into terrible poverty. In the movie Cinderella Man the main character Jim Braddock went through a ton of devastating events in his family during this time. Jim is an easy person to relate to and we see in the movie what his life was like during this†¦show more content†¦Jim was also faced with loosing some people he was very close to cause of the Great Depression. His family friend died living in a terrible environment in the hoovervilles. Jim had to wat ch as loved ones around him died similar to many families that lived through the Great Depression. Unfortunately, Jim faced many hard times during this time in his life but in the end dealing with all the problems he faced made him stronger. Americans living our time period today, 2010 have a lot of the same similarities as the Americans living in the period of 1934. One of the main similarities is the amount of spending. During 1934 Americans loved to buy things just like Americans due during this time today. Americans in 2010 are said to spend almost three times more then the people that lived five years ago, similar to the people who were a major cause of the Great Depression. Recently last March America faced another Stock Market crash; this one was not at all as severe as the one at the time of the Great Depression. This crash did in fact really hurt families all over our nation though similar to the Great Depression. Families are getting wrenched out of their homes because they cannot pay the bills. Businesses are having to fire an immense portion of there staff because the business cannot afford to pay that may employees. Just like the time of the GreatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Great Depression973 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Depression â€Å"No one can possibly have lived through the Great Depression without being scarred by it. No amount of experience since the depression can convince someone who has lived through it that the world is safe economically.† was once stated by Isaac Asimov. The Great Depression was one of the horrific and troubling times of American history. Many homes were affected by this tragedy and many families were broken as a result of it. Man had the opportunity to prove himself by both continuingRead MoreEssay on The Great Depression and the Cinderella Man 896 Words   |  4 PagesCinderella Man came out in the year 2005, it is a non fiction movie directed by Ron Howard. It is based on the story of a boxer during the Depression, James J. Braddock. Braddock had to over come many adversities such as the economical and societal conditions. Another adversity he had to overcome was living in the Depression and all the things that go along with that. Braddock’s character traits s hown in the movie are all important and appropriate due to the harshness of those times. Read MoreCinderella Man and the Great Depression837 Words   |  4 PagesJames J. Braddock once said, I have to believe that once things are bad, I have to change them. The movie Cinderella Man is about Braddock rising from a poor, unsuccessful boxer to the heavyweight boxing champion of the world. The historical background to his life and career was during the same time period as the Great Depression. James Braddock was not always the boxer he is now known to be, in the 1920’s he had lost one third of his fights and people referred to him as a â€Å"bum† which is the lowestRead MoreAmericas Dark Days: The Great Depression727 Words   |  3 Pagesand does nothing to try to help the nation. Black Tuesday in 1929 cause thousands of people end up homeless because they can not keep up with their bills and taxes. Jim J. Braddock and his family is one of many struggling families to keep basic needs for the family and will do anything to pay for the family expenses. The great depression creates turmoil in america and makes work impossible to get. â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† stock market was more bull market than a bear market by a landslide. In this occasionRead MoreCinderella Man Movie Analysis889 Words   |  4 PagesCinderella Man is a movie about what life was like in the 1930s during the Great Depression. This time was hard for almost everyone because they all had to find a way to make money to support their families. Living from payday to payday can be very stressful and lead to some families to split because of the stress. Before the depression people were prospering, the economy was great and most were happy. Once the stock market crashed most people lost all or most of their money and went from being richRead MoreCinderella Man Essay1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Man, the Father, the Legend In Damon Runyons Cinderella Man From its title, one gets the idea this story is going to be a myth about redemption and empowerment. In actuality, this is a tremendous true story about a man named Jimmy Braddock who lives out a fairy tale, not a sugar coated fairy tale, but more of a grimace one. Cinderella Man is a film of survival and people finding strength within, to do what they have to do to carry on, particularly for what it takes a man to provide for hisRead MoreThe Great Depression in Cinderella Man Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression is seen as one of the most sorrowful and desolate times in the history of the United States. This time was the longest period of recession ever seen by this nation so far. It lasted from 1929 to 1939, over ten years of complete confusion and despondency within the people. Many Americans were affected greatly by this tragic time and sacrificed much of their lives so that they and their families may have the chance to live. This act of desperation can be seen throughout the movieRead MoreBlack Tuesday865 Words   |  4 PagesThe stock market crash, October 29, 1929 this is also known as Black Tuesday. The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America and Europe. The industrialized Western world had experienced the most ruthless and prolonged depression. Cinderella Man is only one example of how families struggle and overcame the great depression. You will see how this effective many Americans. Why the stock market crashed, was due to two factors, economic and financial. For example economic factorsRead MoreHigh School Student Essay20272 Words   |  82 Pageshave time to turn around to see who said it. (Sears, 1993, p. 129) †¢ ââ€"  †¢ Students report that treatment such as this makes them feel â€Å"sad and worthless† and â€Å"powerless† (Shakeshaft et al., 1997). This harassment contributes to higher rates of depression, substance abuse, and suicide for gay students (Berk, 2003). ISBN: 0-536-29980-3 Chapter 3 Learner Diversity 101 Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, Second Edition, by Donald Kauchak and Paul Eggen Published by Prentice-Hall/MerrillRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesinvesting in physical capital because the employer does not own the resource. Employees are free to leave, although contractual arrangements may limit their mobility. In order for investments in human resources to be attractive, the returns must be great enough to overcome the risks. Further, for some investments, such as cash outlays to maintain no-layoff policies, the benefits are not easily quantified and there are meaningful costs. Decision makers Page 7 STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Precision Management for Accounting System

Question: Discuss about the Precision Management for Accounting System. Answer: Introduction The process in which the financial and accounting data which, can be used by the decision makers, are collected, stored and processed is known as the accounting system. It is a computer-based method used to track accounting gravity along with the information technology resources. The design of accounting system is done in the way that they support all the functions of accounting which indulge auditing, reporting and financial accounting management/managerial accounting and the tax (Stafford, Karszes, 2017). Two types of accounting systems are used most widely. They are cloud based accounting system and the traditional accounting system. Difference between cloud based accounting system and the traditional accounting system Previous to the advent of fast and cheap computers, all the accounting works were done manually and the files were kept on the papers with huge binding. The introduction of computers made the accounting system very easy and also it was affordable. There are various differences between the cloud based accounting system and the traditional accounting system (Helo et al., 2014). The difference with regard to various factors are as follows. Factors Cloud based Traditional Speed The speed of cloud based accounting system is amazingly fast. The firm does not have to wait for weeks to know if it is gaining any profit. Once the data is entered and saved, the management gets reports through the programs in a very short span of time. The speed of manual accounting system is slow as all the work has to be done manually and it takes a lot of time. Accuracy the computerized system has increased the accuracy of accounting very efficiently (Abbas et al., 2015). the computers solved the problem of accuracy to the full and thus, the firm can have accurate data whenever calculated In the traditional system, when during calculation, the person who calculated moved from a page to the next, it was difficult for him to keep the records and thus the resultant data was not accurate Cost for small firms, it is easier and cheaper to buy pen, pencil and paper instead of the printer, computer and other accessories (Sah, Shakya Dhungana, 2014). The firms which can afford the computer systems, it is best for them to go for the computers as the price is affordable and once the firm gets whole set, it does not have to worry about the cost anymore. When it comes to finding the employees to operate the machine, it does not costs much as compared to the employees who do the work manually Backups . If the accounting is done on a computerized system, the backup of the original work can be stored such as the CDs and portable external hardware devices by many ways. With computerized systems, backup cam be created every night and if something happens to the data, the previous backup can be used and thus, there is no risk of losing useful data the risk of losing important data is much in case of the manual system (Mital et al., 2015). If the paper gets damaged or destroyed, the work has to be done again. If the copy of original work is created, it can be expensive and time consuming Considerations all the data is stored in a central device in the computer which is the hard drive and thus it is easy to find any type of data in emergency but when it comes to the manual method, various places has to be searched to find a particular data. Accessibility the computerized system, the data can be accessed anywhere, just with the internet connection and thus the managers as well as the employees can access the data anywhere at any time (Asatiani Penttinen, 2015).. The only thing that is required for the access of data is the internet connection. When it comes to manual access, all the papers have to be checked in traditional method. Risks and Limitations with cloud system There are certain disadvantages indulged with the use of cloud accounting system. They are as follows. None of the cloud providers not even the best ones provide this facility (Heath et al., 2014). So it is difficult for all the firma to get that facility. Only the larger range firms can get this benefit. Security Security is an essential part for the development of nay form. The firm needs to keep its data secure in order to improve the performance in an efficient way. Security cannot be ensured in computerized systems. Although the cloud providers provide the best security possible but there are always the risks associated with the important data of the firm (Heath et al., 2014). The firms are not very flexible with vendor switching (Zhou et al., 2015). The firm often has to face problems when they have to switch from one vendor to the other. This might cause loss of important data. The other problem with this system is limited control. Customers do not have control of the data which can decrease the customer attraction of the firm. Recommendations for the size and type of business The wide business should implement this system as it can provide lot of benefits to the large scale business and also it can reduce the expense. It is good for small firms as well (Stafford, Karszes, 2017). It can benefit small firms in many ways such as it can reduce the cost of extra employees who used to perform the manual calculation. Once established, it can reduce the cost of pen, pencil and paper for manual calculation (Heath et al., 2014). Thus, it can be used for any size of business as it has lot of profits associated with it as there are many benefits associated with going computerized. Conclusion Hence, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that cloud based accounting system has various advantages. It can be beneficial for the firm in many ways but there are certain disadvantages attached to it as well. Every firm can implement this system as it has many advantages regarding speed, accuracy, considerations and expenses. It is good for small firms as well. It can benefit small firms in many ways such as it can reduce the cost of extra employees who used to perform the manual calculation. Once established, it can reduce the cost of pen, pencil and paper for manual calculation. It can be applicable to any size of firm and can also be applied to any type of business which needs accounting. Recommendations Some recommendations for cloud based accounting system Password protection- The security of the firm can ensured if all the data is protected properly through passwords and proper care is taken of the data. Trustworthy employees-The employees who are responsible for handling the data has to be trustworthy. Thus, the security issue can be resolved. Reputed vendor- the firm should always go for repudiated vendors in order to get rid of the issue which rises through vendor switching. References Abbas, A., Bilal, K., Zhang, L., Khan, S. U. (2015). A cloud based health insurance plan recommendation system: A user centered approach.Future Generation Computer Systems,43, 99-109. Asatiani, A., Penttinen, E. (2015). Managing the move to the cloudanalyzing the risks and opportunities of cloud-based accounting information systems.Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases,5(1), 27-34. Heath, A. P., Greenway, M., Powell, R., Spring, J., Suarez, R., Hanley, D., ... Grossman, R. L. (2014). Bionimbus: a cloud for managing, analyzing and sharing large genomics datasets.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,21(6), 969-975. Helo, P., Suorsa, M., Hao, Y., Anussornnitisarn, P. (2014). Toward a cloud-based manufacturing execution system for distributed manufacturing.Computers in Industry,65(4), 646-656. Mital, M., Pani, A. K., Damodaran, S., Ramesh, R. (2015). Cloud based management and control system for smart communities: A practical case study.Computers in Industry,74, 162-172. Sah, S. K., Shakya, S., Dhungana, H. (2014, February). A security management for cloud based applications and services with diameter-AAA. InIssues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 6-11). IEEE. Stafford, D., Karszes, J. (2017). Precision Management for your Accounting System. Zhou, J., Dong, X., Cao, Z., Vasilakos, A. V. (2015). Secure and privacy preserving protocol for cloud-based vehicular DTNs.IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,10(6), 1299-1314.

Mary Shelley And Frankenstein Essays - Romanticism, Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley And Frankenstein Godwin Shelley was the only daughter of William Godwin and Mary Wollenstonecraft, a quite dynamic pair during their time. Mary Shelley is best known for her novel Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus, which has transcended the Gothic and horror genres that now has been adapted to plays, movies, and sequels. Her life though scattered with tragedies and disgrace, was one of great passion and poetry, which I find quite fascinating, but not desirable. Shelley's other literary works were mildly successful their time, but are little known today. Her reputation rests, however, on what she once called her "Hideous Progeny," Frankenstein. To understand her writing you must first know her background starting from her parent's lives prior to her birth. Her mother, Mary Wollenstonecraft an early feminist, who, in1792, published A Vindication of the Rights of Man. This was an excellent book that showed Mary W. was way ahead of her time. Two years later she had an illegitimate child Fanny Imlay by the American industrialist Gilbert Imlay. After her failed relationship with Imlay, Wollenstonecraft met the political philosopher and novelist William Godwin in 1796. Five months into her next pregnancy with Mary, she and William decided to marry to ensure their child's legitimacy even though they were both opposed to the institution of matrimony. They were married on March 29, 1797 at St. Pancras church in London. Their daughter Mary Godwin (later Shelley) was born on August 30, 1779. Her mother died ten days later of infections and complications from her delivery, despite expert attention. It was said by certain religious writers that " It was not unfitting that Mary Wollenstonecraft should die in childbirth, a suitably primitive punishment for one who presumed to challenge the ordained place of women in society ." Such a thing would be said probably because that same year (1798) Godwin published Memoirs of the Author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" which revealed Mary Wollenstoncraft's extra martial affairs (including their own) and her suicide attempts. Godwin was widely criticized for this publication, and Wollenstonecraft's influence drastically diminished for years to come. Mary Shelley's father remarried in 1801 to his neighbor, the widowed Mary Jane Claremont, who brought two children to the Godwin household, Charles and Claire Claremont. A fifth sibling was added in 1803 with the birth of William Godwin, Jr. Like other girls, Mary was educated at home, in spite of her own mother's persuasive arguments for the institutionalized education of girls in The Rights of Woman. So, she absorbed the intellectual atmosphere created by her father and many of England's leading writers and thinkers, including the poet and philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge, scientists like Humphry Davy, and her father's dear friend William Nicholson. Importantly, Davy and Nicholson were the two foremost experimenters with galvanic electricity in the early nineteenth century who later had a noticeable impact on the writing of Frankenstein. Mary's reading included popular gothic novels like William Beckford's Vanthek (1786) as well as books by her own mother, whom she idolized. At the age of ten Mary had her first experience with publication, when the Juvenile Library printed her witty poem, Mounseer Nongtonpaw: or, The Discoveries of John Bull in a Trip to Paris. By 1812 it was in a fourth edition. In 1812, when she was fourteen, Mary was exposed to yet another broadening influence. That year when, in order to distance Mary from the stepmother whom she resented and disliked, Mary's father sent her on an extended vacation to the Baxter family in Dundee, Scotland. She stayed there from June to November of 1812 and, again, from June 1813 to March of 1814, developing a strong friendship to the Baxter's teenage daughter Isabel, who became her first close friend. Shortly after her return to the family home, she became reacquainted with her father's youthful admirer, Percy Bysshe Shelley, whom she first met in the company of his wife Harriet in November of 1812. Now, he became a frequent visitor to the Godwin household, and the two of them (although not attracted to one another at first) fell in love. At the time, Shelley was twenty-two and he and his wife were expecting their second child. But like Godwin and Wollenstonecraft, Percy and Mary felt ties of the heart outmoded legal ones. In July 1814, one month away from her seventeenth birthday, Mary and Percy along with Claire eloped to the continent. They continued on to Switzerland, Holland, and Germany. During this time, Mary kept a journal of their escapades, which she turned into a

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essays

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essays Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Essay The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was the tomb of king Mausolus. Halicarnassus (Modern Bodrum, Turkey) was the capital of a small Mediterranean kingdom. In 377 B. C. , Hecatomnus of Mylasa, the ruler of this land, died and left control of the kingdom to his son, Mausolus. Mausolus’ reign lasted for 24 years. He loved and adored the Greek culture and founded several cities of Greek design along the coast. In 353 B. C. , Mausolus died, leaving his queen Artemisia broken hearted. She decided to build the most splendid tomb in the known world as a tribute to him. The tomb became so famous that Mausolus’s name is now associated with all stately tombs throughout the world as Mausoleum. It became one of the seven wonders of the ancient world because of its rich statuary and carvings in relief. Artemisia sent messengers to Greece to find the most talented sculptors; she decided that no expense was to be spared in building the tomb. The tomb was errected on a hill overlooking the city. The entire structure sat in the center of an enclosed courtyard on a stone platform. A staircase, flanked with stone lions, led to the top of this platform. There were many statues of gods and godesses along the outer wall of the courtyard. The tomb was guarded by stone warriors mounted on horseback at each corner stone. [pic] The tomb itself was at the center of the platform. The marble structure rose as a square, tapering block to about one-third of the Mausoleum’s 1140 feet height. This section was covered wit relief sculptures showing action scenes from Greek mythology. Thirty-six slim columns rose on top of this section for another third of the height. Between each column were more statues. A solid block behind the columns carried the weight of the tomb’s massive roof. [pic] Map showing the layout of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Artemisia died two years after Mausolus’s death. Both of them were buried in the yet unfinished tomb. The craftsmen took up the responsibility of completing the structure. The Mausoleum overlooked the city for several centuaries before it was damaged and destroyed by attacks from pirates, invaders and series of earthquakes. Very similar to this ancient wonder is the Taj mahal in India. TAJ MAHAL Like the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Taj was built in the memory of Shah Jahaan’s beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It was and still continues to be a symbol of eternal love. The Taj also is a marble structure standing on the banks of River Yamuna. It rises ona high sandstone base topped by four tappering minarets. The jewel-inlaid cenotaph of the queen lies within the dome. The design on the stucture is said to be so exquisite that the Taj has been described as â€Å" having been designed by giants and finished by jewellers† pic] STATUE OF ZEUS [pic] The statue of Zeus is located in Peloponnesus. The statue stands 40 feet high and is made of ivory and gold. Zeus is depicted sitting with olive wreath on his head, a sceptre (with an eagle sitting on it) in his left hand, and his messenger Nike in his right hand. The temple is built on a raised rectangular platform. Thirteen large columns support the r oof along the sides and six support it on each end. A gently peaked roof the topped the building, which was filled with sculpture. However, now the statue stands destroyed by numerous earthquakes and conquests. SHIVA STATUE AT MURUDESHWARA [pic] The Shiva statue at Murudeshawara is very similar to the statue of Zeus. However, in this case, the statue is outside the temple. The statue of Shiva measures 123 feet in height. The statue is constructed in such a way that it gets sun light and thus appears sparkling. The temple has the tallest gopura in the world too. It is 249 feet high and is called the Raja Gopura. There are other small statues surrounding the main Shiva statue. There is one depicting Ravan giving the atma-lingam to a Brahman. There are many statues of elephants (life size ), and the holy bull, Nandi. TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS [pic] The temple of Artemis was built in the honour of Artemis. It is 425 feet long and 225 feet wide. The foundation of the temple was rectangular in form, similar to most temples at the time. Unlike other sanctuaries, however, the building was made of marble, with a decorated facade overlooking a spacious courtyard. 127 columns, each of which is 60 feet high, support the roof. This temple was built and destroyed several times. The temple was built in such a way that one could see the other side through the temple; it was like a hollow structure. Thus, when the sun rose and set it felt as though it was happening inside the temple. PARTHENON [pic] The Parthenon was built for the Greek goddess, Athena. Structurally, it is very similar to the temple of Artemis at Ephesus. The Parthenon is a temple of the Doric order with eight columns at the facade, and seventeen columns at the flanks, conforming to the established ratio of 9:4. This ratio governed the vertical and horizontal proportions of the temple as well as many other relationships of the building like the spacing between the columns and their height. The Parthenon, in comparison with the temple of Artemis however, is only 100 feet wide, 230 feet long, and has 58 pillars. Ubud Hanging Gardens, Bali If Babylons ancient Hanging Gardens existed today, they could definitely look something like this. Perched around an Eden-like gorge are 38 serene villas, a soothing double-tiered pool, and a Hindu temple; youll need to take a funicular from reception to your suite, and most everywhere else (though a few hundred stairs will take you to the bottom of the valley if you are up to adventure. Each villa has its own private heated infinity pool, looking out over the verdant gardens of the valley and bordered by an outdoor terrace. There is step greenery and vegetation just like the supposedly floored gardens of Babylon. It is today one of the hottest tourist destinations in Bali. [pic] [pic]Bottom of Form The Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt. (Ancient wonder) [pic] One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was built in 200 BC on the small island of Pharos and was connected to the mainland by a massive causeway. Thought to have stood 492 feet high, it is considerably taller than any modern-day lighthouses. Though it has been lost in the pages of history and there is no concrete proof about whether it really existed or not, many claim you could see the light beacon from 35 miles away and that the structure had unique Roman features including a statue of Poseidon, a mirror that would reflect the sunlight, four statues of Triton on each corner and a church located at the top. Unfortunately, after years of destruction from earthquakes, the building collapsed in the 4th century, most probably due to an earthquake. The lighthouse served the purpose of warning the ships and showing them the way. At that time, it was an architectural marvel, indigenous and with a well-defined new idea. Lighthouse of Alexandria, Shenzhen, China. The Window of the World is a theme park located in the western part of the city of Shenzhen in the Peoples Republic of China. It has about 130 reproductions of some of the mo st famous tourist attractions in the world including an exact replica of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Built by an eccentric businessman, it does or does not do justice to the original monument that has long been destroyed, is debatable. The monument though has been built to scale in comparison of the original Lighthouse of Alexandria. Due to the prevalence of other replicas of ancient wonders and modern wonders of the world, Window of the World is a major tourist hotspot of Shenzhen. [pic] The inspiration for the statue of liberty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. the Colossus of Rhodes. How often do New Yorkers and other Americans gaze at the Statue of liberty with pride and amazement! Standing on a small island in the harbour, the statue is of a robed and crowned woman, holding a book in one hand and lifting a torch to the sky. The statue measures almost one-hundred and twenty feet from foot to crown. This awe-inspiring statue was a gift from France to America as a symbol of friendship. It is often referred to as â€Å"The modern colossus. † However what most people don’t know is that there stood an ancient statue in Rhodes named â€Å"The Colossus of Rhodes†; The original colossus. Like the Statue of Liberty, this colossus was also built as a celebration of freedom. This amazing statue, standing the same height from toe to head as the modern colossus, was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The statue was built sometime between 292-280 BC to celebrate the surprising victory of Rhodesians against many attackers. It was the statue of HELIUS The Sun God to The Rhodesians. The engineering of the colossus was done by a local sculptor named Harrays. First a wooden frame was made and then bronze plates of over 200 tons were put up surrounding it. This took about 12 years and innumerable labour to complete the construction. However in about 226 BC there was an earthquake in Rhodes that the statue couldn’t survive. On the other hand The Statue of Liberty was built around 2000 years later and still stands with pride looking over the sea. [pic] | | | | The inspiration for the pyramids of louvre- Paris.. The pyramids of Giza. The Great Pyramids were built between 2650-2500BC. It is said that they were a tomb of Pharaoh Khufu. They are located in Giza, Egypt. The largest pyramid is 756 feet long on each side and 450 feet high and is composed of 2,300,000 blocks of stone, each averaging 2 1/2 tons in weight. The sides are oriented to the four cardinal points of the compass and the length of each side at the base is 755 feet (230. 4 m). They rise at an angle of 51 52 to a height, originally, of 481 feet (147 m) but nowadays 451 feet (138 m). Despite the makers limited surveying tools, no side is more than 8 inches different in length than another, and the whole structure is perfectly oriented to the points of the compass. Even in the 19th century, it was the tallest building in the world and, at the age of 4,500 years, it is the only one of the famous Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still stands. Even today it remains the most massive building on Earth. About 4000 years later, in 1989 The pyramid of Louvre museum was built by the renowned American architect I. M. Pei. This time a pyramid made up of crystal clear glass to allow the sunlight to come in on the underground floor. It is made up of rhombus shaped glass sheets fitted in a triangular shaped framework. The modern addition originally received mixed reviews, as it contrasts sharply with the classical design of the surrounding buildings of the museum of Louvre, but today it is generally accepted as a clever solution which has given the museum a spacious central entrance without the need to touch the historic patrimony. Surprisingly it too serves as an entrance to the museum like the pyramids of Giza serve as entrances to the tomb of Pharaoh Khufu. Hence because of the similarities one comes to believe that it was built by the inspiration by the pyramids of Giza.

How To Build Influence In Any Industry With Chris Dessi

How To Build Influence In Any Industry With Chris Dessi Influence: It pertains to every industry, and it’s a hot topic in marketing right now. If you want to be one of the major players in your niche, you need to have influence. As you build- and market- your business, you’re probably reaching out to the influencers in your field. But why not become an influencer yourself? Today’s guest, Chris Dessi, is the founder of Silverback Social, a digital marketing agency specializing in social media. The company manages the social media ecosystem and provides consulting for many different brands. He offers our listeners a lot of great insight on being an entrepreneur, being relevant, and becoming an influencer. Powered by PodcastMotor Actionable Content Marketing powered by By 00:00/00:00 1x 100 > Download file Subscribe on iTunes Leave Review Share Some of the topics you’ll hear discussed in today’s episode include: Chris’s background before he launched Silverback Social, and how he’s gotten to the point of having developed a successful personal brand. Advice for people who want to begin publishing content and getting people to relate to them. Why it’s important to combine work and personal life within your content. How marketers can stay relevant if they work in drab industries. Where Chris sees himself going in the future. Links: Silverback Social ChrisDessi.com Chris on Inc.com Chris book:  Remarkable You: Build a Personal Brand and Take Charge of Your Career If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud,  Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Chris: â€Å"Being an entrepreneur, it creeps into every inch of your organism.† â€Å"People that are generating really great content within social media and doing really great things within digital, they don’t wait for permission, they just go and create.† â€Å"Talk about things outside of the office. What are you into? What are the things that youre interested in? That’s gonna help you get a sale.†

Ethics and Social Responsibility Relevant to Facebook Essay

Ethics and Social Responsibility Relevant to Facebook - Essay Example The social networking sites operate at interpersonal levels. The communication involves the ethical and social considerations between friend to friend, parents to their children, employer to the employee, employee to the employee, doctor to patient, teacher to student, and buyer to sellers; in fact, it encompasses every human relationship which exists in the world. The ethics and the social responsibility related to the Facebook and how they are dealing with it shall be discussed in this paper. To take a deeper insight into the ethics and social responsibility of social networking sites, a brief history related to the social networking will be highlighted, regarding the information on how they have expanded. Definitions and history of social networking sites Social networking seems to be an ambiguous term used for such sites. Human beings are inherently social creatures. From the very start, they have developed different ways and modes to communicate with each other. They cannot live in complete isolation from each other. For this purpose, human beings have always facilitated and built structured social networks. These institutions and facilities included community clubs, public places, churches and communication technologies such as postal and courier system, telephone and telegraph system. However, with the passage of time and tremendous increase in technological advancement, they have started resorting to faster and quicker ways of communications in the form of information technology. Most of these are based on the software standards of Web 2.0 (Vallor 2012). Before the emergence of Web 2.0 standards, various forms of networking such as chat rooms, Bulletin Board System (BBS) and MUD’s (multi user’s dungeons) were being used for social interactions (Barnes 2001; Turkle 1995). These early social networking places worked typically as places of commercial, personal or academic exploitation. These were rather used for broad social purposes. The pur pose behind the emergence of Web 2.0 was to produce user-friendly, collaborative and communicative internet content. Though the initial aims of the developers were same as that of the previous social networking and internet but it evolved with the rapid changes in the technology. Social topography of the internet has been redefined by Web 2.0 social interfaces which built increased social networks between their users online as well as offline. This trend shifted the original function of internet from pseudonymous identities to formation of Sui Generis social networking (Ess 2011). Sites which adopted new trends The very first websites which adopted the explicit standards for social networking were Orkut, FaceBook, LinkedIn, MySpace, Friendster, Beboand Habbo. The recent change in these trends is the rise in the media sharing sites such as You Tube, icro-blogging sites such as Twitter, Location based networking sites such as Google Latitude and interest sharing sites such as Pinteres t (Vallor 2012). Rise of ethical concerns related to social networking sites One of the sub parts of the computer and information ethics is the ethical implications of Social Networking Sites (Bynum 2011). With an increase in the social networking phenomenon and owing much to the effects and usage of the computer as a medium of social communication, the

Case Study - College Rigistration Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

- College Rigistration Project - Case Study Example A clear objective should be set for each person before any action plan can begin. The objectives should be measurable, finite, meaningful and realistic. Then, the relevant tasks required to accomplish the set objectives should be identified. At the same time, deadlines should be set for each of these tasks because tasks without deadlines do not become completed tasks. The inputs necessary for the projects schedule should also be taken into consideration for the project to be a success. Several input types will be required to facilitate the project. These would include personal and project calendars to help understand the working days and shifts. A description of the project scope will also help determine the key start dates, major assumptions behind the plan and the key limiting factors to the project. Project risks should be clearly identified and understood to ensure that there is enough extra time to deal with identified risks. A list of activities and resource requirements should be determined. The management needs to understand the resource capabilities and experiences available. This would also entail evaluation of how company holidays and staff vacations will affect the project schedule and detailing means of overcoming such effects. Approaches to conflict resolution would entail use of ‘compromising’ technique. This is better described as a ‘give and take’ method where parties in conflict negotiate to reach a mutually satisfactory solution. Either party will cede ground to reach a decision thus leaving each person satisfied. ‘Avoiding’ is another technique which can be used. It is better described as a ‘withdrawal style’. It entails postponing an issue for later periods or just withdrawing from the situation altogether. This is however a provisional solution because the problem or disagreement will continue to reoccur. Another style to use would be the ‘Smoothing’ technique which is also known as

Poetry Comparison Compare Blakes London and Wordsworths Composed upon Westminster Bridge Essay Example for Free

Poetry Comparison Compare Blakes London and Wordsworths Composed upon Westminster Bridge Essay The two poems London and Composed upon Westminster Bride, offer differing views on the city of London. Blake presents London as lifeless, dismal and monotonous, whereas Wordsworths London is very different. He feels it as beautiful, magnificent and exciting. Blakes poem consists of four different stanzas all of equal length. This gives a sense of order and regularity. This demonstrates that the people of London live a controlled life, which has no variety. Blake uses repetition, which gives a sense of anguish, And mark in every face I meet, Marks of weakness, Marks of woe. This stresses the tedious pace of life. Blake also shows that the people of London are trapped in themselves, In every voice, in every man, the mind forged manacles I hear. This demonstrates that the people of London cannot express themselves as they are trapped in their own minds. Blakes London shows the poets anger towards some members of the community. Blake blackens the city by painting images of child labour, how the chimney sweepers cry; every blackening church appals. This shows that the church is a hypocrite as they are using chimneysweepers themselves. Blake also dislikes the rich aristocrats by describing how the hapless sigh, runs in blood down the palace walls. This emphasises that the poor work very hard and fight pointless battles while the rich reap the rewards and benefits. In stanza four Blake paints a disgusting picture of prostitution, the youthful harlots curse, blasts the newborn infants ear, this tells the reader that prostitution leads to disease and plagues, many unwanted. Married men spilt up with their wives. Prostitutes have children, so the cycle continues for years. Blake combines ideas of marriage and hearse, this to show that the life cycle for people in London is death and suffering. Also Blake horrifies the reader by using different sounds to describe the feelings of people who live in London. He describes moans and cries to show the reader the depression of the people in London. The city of London is full of sorrow for every man and every infant every cry of every man, in every infants cry of fear. Also it is very negative and everyone feels depressed harlots curse soldiers sigh. Blake intensifies this gloomy atmosphere further, by using iambic meter in his poem. The use of iambic meter and an (ABAB) rhyming scheme for example streetflowmeetwoe, illerates to the reader how monotonous everyday life in London is, I wandered though each chartered street. The fact that Blake is wandering through London suggests that the city is boring and has no aims or direction. The reader can work out that Blake is blaming his apathy on the city itself and perhaps it is Londons fault that the population has marks of woe. Blakes poem is clearly written about life in the slums of London, while Wordsworth, in his sonnet Composed Upon Westminster Bridge focuses on a more general way on the majesty and splendour of London. Wordsworth was a nature lover who normally didnt like the cities but in the early morning he sees something wonderful and glorious about London. Wordsworth realises that this moment is only temporary never did the sun more beautifully steep in his first splendour, valley, rock or hill. It was pollution less city bright and splendid. Nothing evil dark or dismal like Blakes London. This city now doth like a garment wear, it demonstrates that it is an out of this world experience. He personifies the city, bringing it to life, in order to show how this is a transient moment. Wordsworth also respects the city for its beautiful buildings, unlike Blake who sees it as a city of degraded humanity noting the harlots curse. Wordsworth sees many beautiful towers, domes, theatres and temples open into the fields and to the skys. This shows the stillness and emptiness. This is a laying affect to show that man made objects can be as good as nature, unlike Blake who sees misery. Wordsworth uses a very calm and tranquil tone to describe London. This poem is written in the firm pentrarchian sonnet, with iambic pentameter utilises an (ABBA, ABBA, CDCD) rhyme scheme unlike Blakes continuous (ABAB) rhyme scheme. This creates an unhurried pace with a peaceful mood lacking the intensity of Blakes poem. It also provides a slow pace to take in the beauty of London in the early morning. Wordsworths surprise at the beauty of London is seen when he directly addresses Dear God! Using an exclamation mark, Wordsworth address God twice to stress his personal reaction to Londons beauty-he wants the reader to see the awe of London, the exclamation mark stresses the shocked pleasure by his reaction. The mighty heart demonstrates that the people are the heart of the city-sees London as alive and living part of city working together. Wordsworth values people, as they are the centre point of London. Wordsworth tries to tell the reader that the Thames is working in harmony with the rest of the city. However, although the imagery of London Blake creates through its depressed state and every cry of every man. In my opinion I prefer Wordsworths poem Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, because he uses personification and makes the city feel beautiful. He states how dull of soul anyone would be if they didnt admire the beauty of London in the early morning. The way Wordsworth describes the cities buildings has a positive effect on the poem and this is why I prefer Composed Upon Westminster Bridge.

Homelessness Essay -- essays research papers

Homelessness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Homelessness as an issue in today's society is largely ignored. To many, the problem of homelessness is invisible or barely noticed. When these people do see the homeless it is found in the form of beggars who need to â€Å"pull themselves up by their bootstraps† or mentally ill people who â€Å"just can't help themselves†. In either case the central point remains; the homeless must be people who are incapable or unwilling to help themselves. After all, wouldn't they stop being homeless if they just tried? These sorts of rationalizations cover a more disturbing truth; that for many in today's society, the spectre of homelessness is more pressing of a problem than helping those who are already on the streets. The millions living below the poverty line live in constant fear that at any time an event may occur that will drive them below the cultural and economic radar. Therefore, one major effect of homelessness is the creation of a threshold that force s people to remain in poverty for fear of losing what meager possessions they have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economic structure of the US, while changing from a product-based to a service-based job pool, remains with a similar split of the rich and the poor that has existed throughout the world since the beginning of recorded history. The illusion of the middle class in the 1950s created an expectation in modern America that great material achievement is not just possible but almost a bir... Homelessness Essay -- essays research papers Homelessness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Homelessness as an issue in today's society is largely ignored. To many, the problem of homelessness is invisible or barely noticed. When these people do see the homeless it is found in the form of beggars who need to â€Å"pull themselves up by their bootstraps† or mentally ill people who â€Å"just can't help themselves†. In either case the central point remains; the homeless must be people who are incapable or unwilling to help themselves. After all, wouldn't they stop being homeless if they just tried? These sorts of rationalizations cover a more disturbing truth; that for many in today's society, the spectre of homelessness is more pressing of a problem than helping those who are already on the streets. The millions living below the poverty line live in constant fear that at any time an event may occur that will drive them below the cultural and economic radar. Therefore, one major effect of homelessness is the creation of a threshold that force s people to remain in poverty for fear of losing what meager possessions they have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economic structure of the US, while changing from a product-based to a service-based job pool, remains with a similar split of the rich and the poor that has existed throughout the world since the beginning of recorded history. The illusion of the middle class in the 1950s created an expectation in modern America that great material achievement is not just possible but almost a bir...

Batesmanor Furniture (a) Essay

Charlton Bates-President of BatesManor Furniture and great-grandson of founder. Charlton is the key decision maker and must analyze the recommendation to increase his normal advertising spending percentage in the next year. Being the President of a small furniture manufacturer, Mr. Bates knows that his bottom line is very important as BatesManor begins to feel the pressure of dwindling margins due to rising manufacturing costs. Dr. Thomas Berry- Consultant to BatesManor that is trying to help Mr. Bates work through the issue of increasing advertising budget. Due to the nature of his work, Dr. Berry’s job as a consultant and reputation are on the line. Mike Hervey- Mike Hervey is a partner at the ad agency Hervey and Bernham. He is asking Mr. Bates to increase his consumer-advertising budget by about 40% ($562k to $787k). He has been analyzing target markets, their habits, and greatest purchase influencers. As with Dr. Berry, if this advertising campaign is adopted and fails, Mr. Hervey can lose a customer in BatesManor. John Bott- As the VP of sales, John is concerned with making sure there are dedicated BatesManor sales people working with the 1,000 high quality department stores that are carrying their furniture. Mr. Bott is very familiar with the competitive edge provided by a knowledgeable and driven sales force; and is keen to keep his team properly staffed and trained. Department Stores Selling BatesManor Furniture- High quality department stores may have agreements with BatesManor that will require them to match advertising expenses. While this may indeed increase sales, it will cost the stores extra that they may not have expected to spend. 10 Full-Time Salespeople- This team is tasked with introducing their line to the department stores carrying BatesManor furniture. Being commissioned salesmen and women, they may also benefit from an increase in sales. They could also suffer if they ad campaign falls short of expectations. 2 Regional Sales Managers- Similar concerns as above, but are in need of another salesperson. The advertising decision may impact their ability to hire new personnel. Furniture Manufactures (As an industry)- If BatesManor decides to increase consumer advertising, it could lead to a trend being set on the advertising front. This could cause others to have to follow suit in order to be able to keep up with the competition. This could prove to be costly in an industry dealing with rising costs. Baby Boomer Customers- The target market of BatesManor, this is the generation that is driving changes in the way furniture is marketed.

Advertising in Our Life Essay

The topic of advertising has aroused public concern. Some people say that advertising is helpful and informative, whilst others claim about that it can provide false information and will make goods more expensive. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds have their own opinions on the issue. Therefore, both of these arguments will be analyzed before a reasoned conclusion is reached. From the one side, the opinion earlier may sound plausible due to the enormous benefits created by advertising. First of all, it can be said with certainty that there are many ways to advertise and ads come in different forms. This is obviously favorable because you can see advertising on newspapers, tv, and on the billboards everyday. Second of all, a further plus point could be that advertising is informative. This is definitely valuable since it introduce us to new products or remind of us the ones that we already know about. Last of all, it is hardly too much to say that advertising creates mass markets and makes goods cheaper. This is surely a positive feature because if there were no advertising, consumers would only know about goods in their local shops. Therefore advertising help to sell to a bigger market, the more goods are sold, the cheaper they become. From the other side, those who disagree point out that the negative influences of advertising are undeniable. The first drawback of this matter is there is people who do not enjoy seeing advertising everywhere, such as in newspaper and on buses. Most people would agree that this is problematic because they say advertisements are generally ugly to look at and spoil the environment. Another negative point is that advertising is not always truthful. And the trouble with this is that the advertiser tends to exaggerate the benefits of the merchandise he wants to sell. Thus, the consumer become victims of such advertising. Last but not least, it is supposed a further unfavorable quality might be that advertising adds to the cost of goods. This is an obvious weakness because the merchandiser has to pay the agency to run advertising campaign in order to introduce and sell their product to consumer. Taking everthing into account, for the reasons which I mentioned above, I believe that the advantages still outweigh disadvantages. So I do totally support the idea of advertising is helpful and informative.

Analysis Of Heuristic Methods Essays

Analysis Of Heuristic Methods Essays Analysis Of Heuristic Methods Essay Analysis Of Heuristic Methods Essay The Influence of Cognitive Heuristics and Associated Bias On Rational Decision Making The following essay attempts to analyze the influence of heuristics, specific strategies or shortcuts to speed thought using readily available information and perceptions to speed decision making, and the influence of bias emanating from the use of these heuristic methods that move us from accurate rational decision making, to non-optimal decision making. The concept of heuristics was introduced by Simon (1957) in his discussion of limited rationality, in which he argued that because of cognitive limitations, humans have little option but to construct simplified models of the world. Simon saw heuristics as adaptive strategies used by humans to cope with their limited information processing capacity (Shanties). I will attempt to evaluate specific instances of bias as a result of heuristics, their effect on the decision making process, and make recommendations for avoiding such bias in cognitive decision making. One must understand the process of how decisions or Judgments are made, and the influence of available time and information, as well as the relative importance of he decision within a particular process instance. Cognitive activity tends to process available information within a time frame, and then attempts to use reason to form an understanding or Judgment of a situation or problem. When time and information are limited, or the importance of a decision is considered to have minimal risk, the use of heuristics helps to arrive at quick and typically reasonable decisions, to keep us from getting mired in these frequent day to day events. Unfortunately, the human mind tends to rely on these heuristic methods which lend themselves to bias, which n turn negatively influences important decision making, and can lead to faulty or non-optimal Judgments. Research has identified and defined twelve biases linked to certain cognitive heuristics, and explains the basis for them so they are recognizable to us. Knowing to recognize and be able to describe the various biases, as well as our personal susceptibility to enlist them, can help us to effectively use a prescriptive model for decision making to avoid bias, and use diligence to accurately evaluate our decision making processes. The key to improved Judgment lies in learning to extinguish between appropriate and inappropriate uses of heuristics, when your judgment is likely to rely on heuristics, and how to avoid them (Baseman, Moore). The twelve common bias heuristics (see Table 1) alluded to above are those that we frequently over-rely on in our day to day decision making processes. In addition, it is possible and likely probable that one or more of these biases can be at play in any decision making process at the same time. The current financial crisis in Europe has its roots in decision making associated with the purchase of mortgage backed securities and credit default swaps. At the height of this activity, brokerage houses in were still purchasing these investment vehicles stateside, as warning signs were starting to indicate that many banks were under-capitalized and a slowing of the economy would put a number of them at risk. In an effort to keep profits going, securities traders targeted foreign nations and their city governments to market these securities as guaranteed (triple AAA rated) investments, the argument being that the United States real-estate market and the lending institutions that financed mortgages were historically a very safe, low risk environment for stable returns. A DOD number of these countries and their local city governments bought bundled mortgage securities, again as other investors were turning them down due to risk. One can assume a number of heuristics played a role in the purchase of these investments, where likely regression to mean, the confirmation trap, and over- confidence were influencing those responsible for making these investment decisions. An analysis of building rates and new mortgages should have illustrated an over-heated building boom, which would likely need to correct to a mean average, and that in doing so, some percentage within these bundled mortgage securities would be in default, affecting future returns. As many cities were looking for low risk investments to grow their retirement accounts to fund future obligations, at a cursory glance, the overall history of the American housing market indicated stability and little risk. Had these governments and city managers done due diligence and sought non-confirmatory evidence, they would have seen the housing bubbles generated during low mortgage interest rate eras, and dissolving when rates started to go back up or the economy slowed. Over-confidence likely played a role, as most f these officials were elected to their positions, and felt power and prestige allowed them to feel infallible in their Judgments when pressed about their decisions to purchase these new investment securities, with little or no history. The resulting failure of these investments and the ensuing fiscal crisis for these governments and their cities, begs the question of how they arrived here and where did their decision making fail so dismally? In this situation, these governments first needed to recognize the importance of the decision in front of them, and that a rational decision making process was in order to guarantee optimal results. The first item to undertake would be to define their problem; funding growing future pension obligations with investments outside their traditional low return options. The second item would be to identify the criteria associated with decision; what type of return would be reasonable, at what risk, what were other options to fund the obligations. The third item would be to weigh the criteria; what investments would optimally serve the purpose set forth. The fourth item would be to generate or search for alternatives; was there a way to sell or privative national assets for funding, or to reduce the obligation by reducing benefits, increasing the retirement age, etc. , where this effort would continue until the cost of the search outweighed the value of the additional information. The fifth item would be to weigh and rate each alternative based on the criterion, to later evaluate the solutions derived from them. Finally, the sixth step would compute the optimal decision, based on the ratings in the prior step. In the course of working as a production process and project engineer, I find my decision making or Judgment has been flawed at times by ease of recall and o make a Judgment on a machines projected downtime and the impact to operations off the top of my head. I tend to produce events and recollections that are more easily recalled from memory based on vividness or how recently they last occurred. When estimating repair or project costs, I find myself anchored to the original cost of a machine, and typically do not make adjustments to this Judgment until realizing after the fact that the costs will be much higher. In both these cases, poor decisions can result based on these communications, where if I misidentify an actual problem u to ease of recall, maintenance or production resources dedicated to restoring the equipment can now be working on the wrong thing, and additional time and production are lost. Should I set an expectation of cost based on an anchoring bias, the decision to move forward on a project could lead to the loss of upper managements confidence if the projects actual cost is significantly more than the original estimate. In the first case identifying the ease of recall bias, conferring with the maintenance or production supervisor to corroborate my recollection or provide additional information would be a simple way to avoid this bias. In the case of anchoring, simply qualifying a response in the moment as my best guess, or asking for time to research is much more effective than setting unachievable expectations that lead to a loss of confidence later. At the heart of both of these uses of cognitive heuristics is whether or not they are appropriate for the situation, and if not, establish a plan using the six steps for achieving optimal decision making. Table 1 Bias Type Description Ease of Recall Individuals Judge events that are more easily recalled from memory, eased on vividness or regency, to be more numerous than events of equal frequency whose instances are less easily recalled. Retrievable Individuals are biased in their assessments of the frequency of events based on how their memory structures affect the search process. Insensitivity to base rates When assessing the likelihood of events, individuals tend to ignore vase rates if any other descriptive information is provided even if it is irrelevant. Insensitivity to sample size When assessing the reliability of sample information, individuals frequently fail to appreciate the role of the sample size. Misconceptions of chance Individuals expect that at sequence of data generated by a random process will look random, even when the sequence is too short for those expectations to be statistically valid. Regression to the mean Individuals tend to ignore the fact that extreme events tend to regress to the mean on subsequent trials. The conjunction fallacy Individuals falsely Judge the conjunctions (the two events occurring) are more probable than a more global set of occurrences of which the conjunction is a subset. The confirmation trap Individuals tend to seek confirmatory information for what Individuals make estimates for values based upon an initial value (derived from past events, random assignment, or whatever information is available) and typically make insufficient adjustments from that anchor when establishing a final value. Conjunctive- and disjunctive-events bias Individuals exhibit a bias toward overestimating the probability of conjunctive events and underestimating the probability of disjunctive events. Overconfidence Individuals tend to be overconfident of the infallibility of their Judgments when answering moderately or extremely difficult questions. Hindsight and the curse of knowledge After finding out hither or not an event occurred, individuals tend to overestimate the degree to which they would have predicted the correct outcome.

Impromptu Speeches for ESL Learners

Impromptu Speeches for ESL Learners Impromptu speeches refer to those time when you get up in front of people and speak about a topic without preparation, or with very little preparation. Impromptu speech is a fancy phrase used to indicate speaking for an extended length of time about a topic. Practicing impromptu speeches can help you or your class prepare for at these common tasks: Weddings or other celebrationsIn class when a professor asks for your opinion about somethingJob interview questionsSmall talk at partiesExchanging opinions at business or other meetingsSpeaking in publicMaking new friends and exchanging ideas Practicing Impromptu Speeches In order to become comfortable giving impromptu speeches, practice giving impromptu speeches in front of the mirror, in class, with other students, and so on. Here are some techniques to help get used to speaking without preparation. Think in Terms of a Well Written Paragraph Although writing is not the same as speaking, there are some common characteristics relating impromptu speaking and well written paragraphs. A well written paragraph contains: An IntroductionA Main Idea or PointSupporting Evidence / ExamplesConclusion Speaking successfully about a topic should follow the same basic outline. Introduce your topic with an interesting antidote, quote, statistic or other information to catch the listeners attention. Next, state your opinion and give some examples. Finally, make a conclusion by stating why this information youve provided is relevant. Heres an example of someone stating her opinion at a party to a group of friends about a film. The language may be more idiomatic than in writing, but the structure is quite similar. Example Opinion or Impromptu Speech The new James Bond film is so exciting! Daniel Craig looks amazing and hes such a good actor. Ive heard that he does all of his own stunts. In fact, he was injured making the last film. Hes also so tough, but at the same time so suave. Have you seen the trailer in which he jumps onto a moving train and then adjusts his cufflinks! Classic Bond! Not all James Bond films are great, but its amazing how well theyve stood the test of time. Heres a breakdown of how this short opinion parallels basic paragraph structure: An Introduction s - Ive heard that he does all of his own stunts. In fact, he was injured making the last film. Hes also so tough, but at the same time so suave. Have you seen the trailer in which he jumps onto a moving train and then adjusts his cufflinks! Classic Bond!Conclusion - Not all James Bond films are great, but its amazing how well theyve stood the test of time. Clearly, this opinion would be much too informal for a written essay or business report. However, by providing structure we can speak with confidence, as well as get our points across. Give yourself 30 seconds to prepareTime yourself - try to first speak for one minute, then two minutesGet correctionsTry, try again Rules for Practice Here are some rules that I find helpful for practicing impromptu speeches on your own or in your class. If possible, get someone to help out with correction in class for both the overall structure and common grammar problems. If you dont have anyone, record yourself. Youll be surprised how quickly you improve keeping these simple tips in mind. Give yourself 30 seconds to prepareTime yourself - try to first speak for one minute, then two minutesGet correctionsTry, try again Finally, here are a number of topic suggestions to help get your started practicing impromptu speeches. Impromptu Speech Topic Suggestions Why are habits or routines helpful? / How can habits or routines lead to boredom?How does the weather affect your mood?Why did your favorite team win or lose the last game, match or competition?Why are you looking for a new job?What happened to make your break up / end your last relationship?Tell me something about a hobby or a subject in school?Why dont parents understand their children?What makes a good parent?What suggestions would you make to your boss to improve the company?If you could take a year off from work or school, what would you do?Why are governments in such trouble around the world?Why did you enjoy or not enjoy your last date?Who is your mentor, and why?What should the teachers do more / less often?Why did you do well / poorly on the last homework assignment or test?

Content analysis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Content analysis - Dissertation Example The systematic element means the proper procedures should be followed in selecting a data sample that provides an equal opportunity for each item of the wider content to be included in the analysis. Simultaneously, each item under consideration should be treated the same. Meanwhile, the objective description means that future researchers should be able to utilize the outcomes of the research easily in their study. Finally, the quantitative requirement means the researcher should take great care in his/her reporting to facilitate further usage of his/her analysis, interpretation and findings (Wimmer & Dominick, 1983). Content analysis is associated with the core content that, as explained by Patterson (1984), refers to what is written or said, but not to what is stated between the lines. Thus, the conceptual structure for the content analysis should incorporate the following elements: 1. Data as provided to the researcher 2. Data context 3. The knowledge of the researcher constructs h is/her perception , 4. The objective of the content analysis 5. Interpretation of the data as the prime intellectual task 6. Validity considered as the significant evaluation factor (Krippendorff, 1980). Keeping this under consideration, the structure of this investigation will serve analytical, methodological and perspective purposes. In order to acquire the perspective to support conceptualisation, it important to present the framework of the practical content analysis for the two selected leading Saudi newspapers, Alriyadh and Alyoum, during the events that occurred in Bahrain between February 14 and March 16, 2011. The framework of this study is analytical in that it aids the critical evaluation of the findings of the content analysis as acquired through the researcher’s interpretation. Furthermore, the framework of this study is also methodological, as it controls the development and the systematic improvement of the content analysis method employed in this study and dis cussed later. Consideration of the definitions, the requirements of the content analysis and the framework presented above provided an effective method of evaluating the content of Alriyadh and Alyoum, and provided reliability and validity to this study. The evidence, in accordance with the framework, for the application of the interpretation of the content analysis is provided with the help of data sampling, categories of the research and their measurement. This is discussed later in this chapter. For interpreting the inferences and tasks of the Krippendorff model accurately, it is important to consider the context of the data available. Therefore, the objective here is what the researcher wants to investigate (Krippendorff, 1980). For instance, in this study, an uncertain objective might be the political handling of the issue in Bahrain by the Saudi Arabian government, or more specifically, the relationship between the Saudi Arabian government and the Bahrain and Saudi pressâ€⠀particularly Alriyadh and Alyoum—at the time of the Bahrain protests. 1.2. Data Sampling The data sample for the content analysis of the printed press in Saudi Arabia has been extracted from the two leading daily newspapers, Alriyadh and Alyoum. These have been selected because of their large circulation and geographical dissemination. Alriyadh is distributed in the capital city of Riyadh, which is also the political hub of the

Do Latino Migrant and seasonal farm workers have a higher risk of Essay

Do Latino Migrant and seasonal farm workers have a higher risk of contracting cancer than other Latinos living in the US - Essay Example In addition, a failure to interpret the potential and cancer causing hazards that often accompanies the farm task could be attributed to the lack of knowledge by the Latinos on such threats. Also, a majority of these immigrant workers are not fluent in English, and it is therefore important that such risks are addressed in Spanish; ads the workers are more conversant in it. This study thus sought to identify the knowledge of the farm workers regarding the cancer properties of the nature of work that they handle, as well as the dangers that they are daily exposed to while mixing, loading and spraying these pesticides. More than two thirds of the respondents were male, and a similar number indicated that they could not leave their current job even in the face of health risks, citing financial constraints. It is paramount therefore that the plight of this minority group be addressed to avert the rising trend in cancer cases among the Latino farm workers, and their children. Almost 88 percent of all the farm workers found in the United States are Latinos. These workers, together with their families face exposures to pesticides on a regular basis, and this exposure has the potential of increasing prostrate cancer, lymphoma, as well as childhood cancers (Zham & Blair 1993). Yet, despite a reveal... ntific community and government officials have to a large extent overlooked the potential impact of a pollution of this kind on the health of these Latinos. Both the federal and state agencies rarely collect the relevant data. In addition, there are few studies that also address the environmental health risks that are capable of affecting the Latino communities (Zham et al, 1997).Majority of the government authorities, farm operators, the farm industry, and the landlords do not also provide the much needed warnings on the environmental health threats in Spanish. Consequently, a lot of the Hispanics are left without the much needed information that would otherwise enable them to evaluate the risks that faces them with regard to the environmental contaminants, be it at their jobs, or in the neighborhoods. In line with these observations then, it is the objective of this research report therefore to help in bridging the information gap, by way of analyzing both the existing data and doc uments on the pollution exposures, and the resulting health consequences ( in particular cancer). Literature review Latinos constitutes the largest minority group living in the United States. By 2002, nearly 40 million Latinos were living in the United States, and this was nearly 13 percent of the entire population of the United States (Variyam & Mishra, 2005). According to a recent study that was commissioned by the California cancer registry, 1,001 farm workers out of 140,000 Latino working in various farms in California were found to have been diagnosed with cancer for the period between 1973 and 1997 (Quandt et al, 2004) in comparison to the general population of the Latinos, those working as farm workers have a higher likelihood of developing stomach cancer by 69 percent, uterine

Cuban heritage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cuban heritage - Research Paper Example large amounts of money in order to enhance their relationships with the Latino population through customized publications in their native Spanish language. This initiative has proven to be successful (Double base Media mark Research & Intelligence, 2007). In a similar approach, I would, to the best of my ability address Mrs. Hernandez in her native language, which would subconsciously make her feel more accommodating and well taken care of. Having gained her trust, the next step would be to get her on a diet with regular exercise. First, the main cause of increased weight is unsaturated fat in the meals we eat. Therefore, I would advice Mrs. Hernandez to adopt unsaturated fats and do away with saturated and trans fat in her cooking. Unsaturated fat is inclusive of omega-3 fatty acids. Adopting unsaturated fats will serve to reduce the number of calories Mrs. Hernandez takes in and also reduce her serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In terms of exercise, it is clear that Mrs. Hernandez stays at home most of the time, and it is likely that the number of hours spent of television and lazing around has contributed to her condition. I would, therefore, recommend a one hour walks every day to be sufficient exercise considering her age. Cuban folk medicine is mainly herbal. I would, however, advise Mrs. Hernandez not to opt for that alternative and instead take the oral hypoglycemic agent prescribed by the doctor. To convince her towards this end, I would ensure that she understands that I respect and admire her culture and that I am in no way trying to undermine it. Cubans generally subscribe to the values of marianismo and machismo, which makes them more reluctant to consult doctors on health issues. They, however, also look to the community for opinions, and at this juncture I would use her daughter, Mariana, who has already assimilated to convince her of my noble intent in offering her the medicine. Traditional doctors in Cuba have used plants and

Developing Natural Gas Sweetening Processes

Developing Natural Gas Sweetening Processes Introduction Natural gas contains large amounts of methane (CH4), but also all kinds of impurities such as sour gases (e.g., H2S and CO2). The acid gases in the natural gas should be removed to comply with environmental regulations and to avoid technological problems during gas transportation.1–3 For instance, dry ice or CO2 hydrate products can clog the system during liquefaction of the natural gas.2 Hence it would be beneficial to find an efficient and economical method for CO2 capture from natural gas. Amine-based natural gas â€Å"sweetening† (removal of sour gases) process is a widely used and mature technology. However, this process requires high energy for solvent regeneration and amines are corrosive and volatile which causes environmental pollution.1 In the past decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the amines due to their remarkable properties.4–6 Anderson et al.7 measured the solubility of various gases in the 1-hexyl-3-methylpyrolidium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide [hmpy][Tf2N]. The solubility of the gases in [hmpy][Tf2N] at 298 K follows the trend: SO2>CO2>C2H4>C2H6>CH4>O2>N2. Similar gas solubility trends were observed in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)amide ([hmim][Tf2N]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([bmim][Tf2N]).8,9 Simple gases often interact weakly with the IL ions, hence the polarizability of the gases is reflected in the solubility behavior. Molecules that possess an electric quadrupole moment (such as CO2 and C2H4) show higher solubilities in ILs.10 From an application point of view, solubility data only is not enough to judge the separation performance of a solvent, instead selectivity data is essential. One of the first mixed gas solubilities was reported by Hert et al.11 The authors surprisingly found that an enhancement of CH4 solubility when both CH4 and CO2 were dissolved in [hmim][Tf2N] liquid. It was speculated that the enhancement in CH4 solubility was due to favorable dispersion interactions between dissolved CO2 and CH4, while the drop in CO2 solubility was due to a reduction in free volume caused by the absorption of CH4. Carvalho and Coutinho12 measured CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 solubilities in three ILs and proposed that the ionic liquid polarity is an essential parameter in the design of ILs with high CO2 selectivities. To design and optimize natural gas sweetening processes using ILs, mastering the important factors that dictate CO2/CH4 solubility as well as selectivity is essential. Shi and Maginn13 computed the mixed gas isotherms for the mixtures CO2/O2, SO2/N2, and CO2/SO2 dissolve in [hmim][Tf2N] and interpreted these mixed gas solubilities by energetic analysis. CO2 and SO2 interact more strongly with the anion than the cation due to stronger electrostatic interactions between the solute and the anion. N2 and O2 interact weakly with the ionic liquid and show little difference in interaction energy between the cation and anion. Thus CO2 and SO2 compete with each other in dissolution, while CO2 and O2 dissolve independently.13 However, there has no simulation motivated to address the unusual solubility behavior of CO2/CH4 mixtures in ILs. In this proposed research, molecular dynamics simulations will be utilized to investigate the enhanced solubility of CH4 in [hmim][Tf2N] in the presence of CO2.11 Also, with the aim of improving CO2/CH4 selectivity in ionic liquids, several other ILs described in the work done by Carvalho and Coutinho12 will be examined. These simulations could enable one to probe local structure of gases in ILs and energetics between different solutes and solvents, thereby give physical insight into the observed selectivity trends. The final goal is to find optimum structures of ILs that have satisfying performance in natural gas sweetening process. Research Question In this study, the solubilities of CO2/CH4 mixtures in four ILs will be investigated in order to understand the peculiar phenomenon of enhanced solubility of CH4 in the presence of CO2 in [hmim][Tf2N] and to understand the higher selectivity of CO2/CH4 in [bmim][Tf2N] as compare to that in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([bmim][CH3SO3]) at molecular level. This work will be accomplished by classical molecular dynamics of systems consist of mixture gases with different molar ratios dissolve into four ionic liquids, [hmim][Tf2N], [bmim][Tf2N], [bmim][PF6] and [bmim][CH3SO3] respectively. The selectivities for different cases will be calculated and compare with experimental results at room temperature and at a pressure of 10 bar, which is a common operating pressure for natural gas sweetening process. Local electrostatic potential and radial distribution function of ILs will be computed to analyze the interactions between gas molecules and IL constituents and favorable abs orption sites. Test particle insertion method will be utilized to calculate the excess chemical potential of CO2 and CH4 in different ILs. With this systematic information, a solid conclusion about the physical reasons lead to high CO2/CH4 selectivity could be achieved. The cation effect and anion effect to the selectivity could be drawn from the results in cases of these four ILs. In addition, more extensive work could be conducted to predict the relationship between the IL structure and the trend of selectivity of CO2/CH4 mixtures in ILs. Significance of the Proposed Research The global natural gas demand is expected to increase 1.4% per year in the next 20~30 years.2 Of great industrial relevance, carbon dioxide capture is very important in the natural gas sweetening process. Ionic liquids, due to their outstanding properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, nonflammability and high solvation capacity, are believed to be promising alternatives for conventional CO2 capture solvents. Especially, the large differences in pure gas solubility reported in the literature suggest that selectivity for gas mixtures could be high, making ILs a strong candidate for effective separation processes. It is possible to design many potential ILs by enormous combination of cations and anions and their functionalized ions. Therefore, the systematic study of different cation/anion combinations will provide us key parameters in the structure of ILs with high CO2/CH4 selectivity. However, measuring solubilities of gas mixtures is significantly more difficult than measuring pure gas solubilites.14 Therefore, molecular modeling is an efficient way to help understand solubility trends in ILs. Through this proposed study, we can gain physical understanding in the selectivity of mixture gases in ILs at a molecular level. An additional advantage is that the simulations enable one to probe micro structure and energetics, thereby giving useful insight into the source of selectivity trends observed. The proposed research will inspire experimentalists to design ILs with higher CO2/CH4 selectivity, thus apply it into industrial natural gas sweetening process. Proposed Studies Simulation Details: In this proposed research, I will perform systematic classical molecular dynamics simulations for systems representing CO2 and CH4 dissolve in [hmim][Tf2N], [bmim][Tf2N], [bmim][PF6] and [bmim][CH3SO3] ILs respectively. All simulations will be performed using the GROMACS15 program. Nose-Hoover temperature coupling will be used to set the temperature at 298 K and Parrinello-Rahman pressure coupling will be used to keep the pressure at 10 bar. Periodic boundary conditions will be applied in all directions. The cations and anions involved in this work are listed in scheme 1 with their molecular structures. Scheme 1. Molecular structures of the cations and anions used in this study. Force Field. In all simulations described in this study, ILs and CH4 will use the Canongia Lopes-PaÃÅ' dua16 and OPLS-AA17 force fields. Lennard-Jones parameters and the partial charges for CO2 will take from the TraPPE18 force field. The experimental C-O bond length (1.16 Ã…) and O-C-O bond angle (180ËÅ ¡) are fixed during simulations. The TraPPE model has been effectively used for predicting CO2 absorption in various ILs.13,19–22 Thus, all the force field parameters are available. Pure Gas Absorption. The pure gas absorption for CO2 and CH4 will be computed following the method published by Huang et al.23 The initial configuration of the IL/CO2 or IL/CH4 binary system will be prepared from two independent bulk phase subsystems. The IL phase consists of 256 ionic pairs, and the gas (CO2 or CH4) phase initially has 216 molecules. Both IL phase and gas phase will first be equilibrated by a 1 ns NPT simulation at 298 K and 10 bar. Then the two subsystems will be concatenated along the Z direction to form a sandwich like simulation box with the gas phase in the middle. Some gas molecules are going to be removed in order to fit the cross section between the gas phase and IL phase. An energy minimization process is necessary to prevent steric hindrances in the combined system. The generated system then undergoes a 20 ns NPT equilibration run to allow gas molecules to diffuse into the IL phase. In order to improve sampling, five uncorrelated phase points will be colle cted from a successive 500 ps NPT run. Figure 1 shows a typical configuration of the equilibrium simulation box. These five configurations are used as initial coordinates for five 300 ps production runs in microcanonical (NVE) ensemble. The last 200 ps trajectories of each NVE simulation are used to collect data. Figure 1. A snapshot of the equilibrium state of the simulation box.23 Mixed Gas Absorption and Selectivities. As described above, the only thing different for mixed gas absorption from the pure gas absorption is the gas phase contains two kinds of gas molecules, CO2 and CH4. In order to test the feed ratio effect, the molecular numbers of CO2 and CH4 are set to two distinct ratios, 1:9 and 1:1, which are the gas mixture compositions in ref. 11. As observed by ref. 11, only tiny amount of CO2 could enhance CH4 solubility. The numbers of gas molecules can be easily obtained from the five final trajectories. Thus the mole fractions of CO2 or CH4 to ILs can be computed. Simply, the solubility is computed in terms of molar fraction by or , where x means the molecule number in IL phase. With the mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 in gas mixture/IL system, the selectivity for CO2 over CH4 can be computed as ,13 where x means the molecule number in IL phase and y means the molecule number in the initial gas phase. This is the first goal of this research that aiming to confirm and predict the solubilities and selectivities of CO2 and CH4 gas molecules in different ILs. These data can also be used to validate the simulation method. It should be reasonable to expect that the above mentioned modeling procedure is capable of yielding good estimations of mixed gas absorption. Radial Distribution Functions. The RDFs for pure liquid structures, gas/IL binary structures and mixed-gas/IL ternary structures can be calculated from the production simulations in NVE ensemble. Previous results23 showed that even though considerable amounts of CO2 diffused into the IL phase, the structure changes of the IL were small. However, the cases of CH4 gas diffuses into the IL phase have to be examined as well as the cases for CO2/CH4 gas mixtures dissolve in ILs. Therefore, the RDFs could tell us whether the structure will change significantly or not during the co-solvation process of CO2 and CH4 molecules. Previous studies concluded that CO2 preferentially interacts with anions in ILs.5,8,13,23,24 However, little knowledge is known about the structure correlation for CH4 with cations and anions in ILs. Especially, the locations of CH4 molecules in ILs in the presence of CO2 would be very interesting. From the NVE simulations, the Coulomb and Lennard-Jones potentials between different energy groups could be obtained. The energetic analyses could help explain the spatial distribution of CH4 and CO2 molecules in ILs. In addition, by comparing the relative interaction energies between solutes and the cations, anions and other dissolved solutes, one can understand which interaction makes CH4 more dissolvable in [hmim][Tf2N] when in the presence of CO2. Local Electrostatic Potentials. Although the liquid is neutral in total charge, the local electrostatic environment within the first solvation shell of CO2 or CH4 molecule may have important effect on the solubility and selectivity performance.21 At any given time during the production runs, the position of each absorbed gas molecule can be determined. Also the surrounding atoms within , 1.5 nm, can be identified. Therefore, the local electrostatic potential U for a given absorbed gas molecule (x, y, z) can be calculated by: where na is the number of surrounding atoms, qn,i is the partial charge on each surrounding atom, rn,i is the distance from each atom to the center carbon atom of absorbed gas molecule. Analyzing the distribution of local electrostatic potentials for CO2 and CH4 together with the selectivities, the relation between local electrostatic potentials can selectivities can be built. Based on the fact that CO2 has a large quadrupole moment, CO2 molecule should be affected strongly by the local electrostatic potential. The more negative the local electrostatic potential is the higher preference for CO2 selectivity.21 I expect that the highest selectivity IL [bmim][CH3SO3] will give more negative distribution of local electrostatic potential as compare to other ILs. Solvation Free Energy. In order to have more evidences for energetic analysis of the interactions between CO2/CH4 and ILs, Widom particle insertion method25 is utilized to determine the excess chemical potential of the solutes under study. The key quantity characterizing a solute in the solvation process is its solvation free energy, that is, the free energy necessary to insert the solute from pure ideal gas phase into solution. The solvation free energy per solute is equal to the excess chemical potential of the solute. In the case of an NPT ensemble the excess chemical potential can be written as26 where is the potential energy between the solute and the solvent, V is the volume of the system, =1/, and the angle brackets denote an isobaric-isothermal average over trajectory of the system without solute. For each IL, the equilibration trajectory of pure IL in NPT ensemble is needed. Because test particle insertion method in GROMACS is currently limited to inserting a single charge group, the excess chemical potential of CO2 and CH4 can only calculated one at a time. At least, we can get information about the relative affinity of CO2 to ILs and CH4 to ILs. Thus the CO2/CH4 selectivities in different ILs could be compared using all the aforementioned methods. In summary, the solubilities and selectivities of CO2 and CH4 pure gas and gas mixtures in four ILs will be calculated. The deep reasons that determine the CO2/CH4 selectivity will be investigated. Although only four ILs, [hmim][Tf2N], [bmim][Tf2N], [bmim][PF6] and [bmim][CH3SO3], are under this proposed research, we can expect to find out the anion effect to CO2/CH4 selectivity. By studying the spatial structure, interaction energy, local electrostatic potential and excess chemical potential, this work will contribute to the IL society with the first molecular dynamics simulation of CH4 dissolves in ILs and CO2/CH4 gas mixture dissolves in ILs.