Homeless Families in America :: Research Papers

Thesis StatementThis paper will examine a subgroup of the homeless person population, homeless families. It will search the multiple causes of family homelessness and the consequences homelessness has on family life. The three main reasons for the abundance of dispossessed families within America are the following 1) the lack of affordable housing, 2) low wages in the job-market, and 3) insufficient federal aid. In todays society, these causes are the main contributors towards the heartbreaking condition of family homelessness, which often leads to family breakups, health issues, and educational obstacles. This paper will besides give possible solutions to family homelessness and improvement plans for the future.Defining HomelessnessHome is where we start from.(T.S. Eliot)Home is the human point of ultimate return. (John Hollander)Although more or less people know what homelessness is and it occurs in most societies, it is important to define because the forces of displacement vary greatly, along with the arrangement and meaning of the resulting transient state. The Stewart B McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987 defined a homeless person as an individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence or a person who resides in a shelter, welfare hotel, transitional program or place not ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation, such as streets, cars, movie theaters, abandoned buildings, etc. Resent surveys conducted in the U.S. have confirmed that the homeless population in America is extremely diverse and includes representatives from all segments of society, including the old and young, men and women, single people and families, city dwellers and rude residents, whites and people of color, employed and unemployed, able workers and people with serious health problems. The diversity among people that are homeless reflects how difficult it is to generalize the causes of homelessness and the needs of homeless people. Rober t Rosenheck M.D., the writer of Special Populations of Homeless Americans, explains the importance of studying homelessness based on subgroups, each subgroup of homeless people has unique service needs and identifying these needs is critical for program supply and design. Despite these diversities, homelessness is a devastating situation for all that experience it. Not only have homeless people lost their dwelling, but they have alike lost their safety, privacy, control, and domestic comfort. Homeless FamiliesFamily homelessness is a fairly new social problem in America. Beginning in the early 1980s, families with children have become the immediate growing segment of the homeless population.

Layout Design :: essays research papers

Deciding LayoutsDeciding the layout is a very important step in Java GUI programming, just worry solving an algorithm in normal programming. Layout decides how the components like labels, buttons, text fields etc are going to be displayed on a frame or window. several(prenominal) GUI can be designed using single panel with a single simple layout. Some GUI compulsion to be low down into smaller panels which have to be added to an outer panel. Each smaller panel can have its own layout.The simplest layout is the flow layout. Flow layout produces output as a single row. So go for flow layout if you have only 3 or lesser components or if you desire all the components in a single row.Next is grid layout. As long as you can determine the rows and columns, you can use this layout. It is possible to use grid layout for most of the applications which you want to develop with a single panel. You can always use filler labels to occupy the empty spaces. So grid layout works fine in much(p renominal) cases.But if you want to have a very neat GUI with very good layout, you need to go for more than 1 panel. In that case, grid, flow, and redact are all used together.The development of a GUI depends on the type of problem. There are 2 types of GUI problems1.Problems which just specify that you need to do certain things. In this case, the layout of GUI is totally in your hands.2.Problems where you are given a unsmooth break awaying on how GUI needs to look. flake 1In case 1, you need to start with a paper and pencil.-Read the problem and identify what needs to be displayed to the user-Depending on that, draw a simple draw on how you want your GUI to look-Then start deciding on the layoutFor example, consider the problem below keep a GUI java program that takes 2 numbers from the user, adds them, and displays the sum.Solution1.For this, you need 2 text fields to read 2 inputs. 2 labels to discern what to enter in the text fields.2.1 button to initiate calculation.3.1 t ext field to display result, and 1 label to address the text field.4.The rough diagram will be5.For the above diagram, if you are going to use a single panel, then grid layout is the best choice. To decide the layout, dissect the diagram as shown below.

Father Franz Boas--Father of American Anthropology Essays -- essays pa

Father Franz Boas--Father of American AnthropologyFranz Boas is often referred to as the father ofAmerican anthropology because of the great influence he hadin the lives and the careers of the close great generation ofanthropologists in America. He came at a time whenanthropology was not considered a true science or even a pregnant discipline and brought an air of respectabilityto the profession, giving those who followed a passion andan example of how to approach anthropology. Boas directedthe field studies and trained such prominent anthropologistsas Alfred Louis Kroeber, Robert Lowie, Margaret Mead, aswell as others. Although he did not leave as his legacy anyspecific line of scene, he left a pattern that wasfollowed by numerous scientists in the next generation.Franz Boas canvas physics and geography in Germany andleft to pursue his hypothesis on was born and raised inGermany and studied physics and geography. After receivinghis doctorate in geography he left Germany and wen t toBaffin Island to test his hypothesis on Arctic geography. While he was there he became fascinated with the Eskimos andhow they lived. From then on he was no longer a geographerbut an Anthropologist. Boas was Jewish and was criticized all his life aboutbeing Jewish. His work showed his resentment ofAnti-Semitism, reflecting the belief that all men arecreated equal. At the time anthropology was based on thebeliefs of men like Tylor and Spencer who believed inevolutionary theories that stated that some stack are moreevolved than others. They believed in categorizingdifferent cultures depending on how evolved they were. These men also did not do any field work, they receivedtheir information from missionaries, government officials,and other people who traveled the world. They categorizedcultures by putting them into a line starting withbarbarians and ending with white people. Anthropologiststhen ranked them depending on how civilized they thoughtthey were. They also felt that people at the high end ofthe line(whites) had one time been where these othercultures are and feel this sort of a psychic whiztowards them. Boas was the first anthropologist to do field work. Hebelieved it was essential to live with certain cultures toget the real feel of what they were like. He be... ...tists who were trying to get the larger picture. Boaswas raise in studying a very small and specific windowof time, which came from the data that he collected whileperforming the field work he deemed necessary to analyze aculture. There is no question that anthropology as a disciplineand as a science took on a reinvigorated life after the arrival ofFrank Boas. Not only did anthropology gain respect in thescientific and the civilian world, but also it gainedrespect in the anthropological field as well. The work thatBoas performed, both in studies and in organization skills,were testaments to a man who has given so much to thediscipline. He was qualified to profoundly in fluence a number ofthinkers and scientists in his own field the validity of hismethods of work and get them to institute them across theboard for use by all anthropologists. Boas was able to do this not only for himself, but moreimportantly, for the generations of American anthropologistsafter him. The influence that he had on Mead, Radin, et. al.is quite remarkable and inevitably to be noted. Boas role andhonor as the head of American anthropology is welldocumented and most deserved.

Positivism And The Real :: essays research papers

Positivism is a trend in bourgeois philosophy, which acknowledges the orthodoxy towards empirical knowledge of natural phenomena where metaphysics and theology are regarded as inadequate and irregular systems of knowledge. Positivism, began to rise as the main intellectual movement during the second half of the 19th century in response to the inability of speculative philosophy, witch was thence Romanticism.During the first half of 19th century, the Romanticism brought new views that helped the civilization of that time reach a higher level but it also brought the negative side effects. It brought the chaotic effect that people started in a extremely liberal way to threat the social order in the increasing dispute of 1847 to 1848 which was be not just by revolutions but by the eruption of an insidious, continually growing, struggle of class against class. The imperceptive economic thoughts, as those in France of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, eloquent if inconsistent writer, denounced the spot classifying it as theft. The revolutions of 1848 lead the way for European thinkers to develop new visions for the way of thinking that brought to the idea of Positivism.Claude Henri de Saint-Simon, French socialist/philosopher, conceived the idea of a new erudition of society that would result in the economic and intellectual emancipation of man. Saint-Simon thought that the new idea must be a positive philosophy establish on experience and science. Another Frenchman Auguste Comte, who is considered the founder of Positivism, was the first to introduce the term positivism. According to Comte, the new natural sciences indicated that a new social science should be built on observation and experience. Comte also described the human history as a three-staged chronology of progress, with each stage having a different social boldness based on the social environment of the time, with action based on different principles at each stage. Those were the theological stage, metaphys ical stage and at culture the positive era.After its birth in France, positivism continued to spread to England where it obtained a new and better form. In fact, it was in England that the biggest positivist arose. James Stuart Mill, a writer on economy, was one of the main figures in English positivism. In his largely influential System of Logic (1843) Mill introduced the logical positivism that state all discoveries of truth not self-evident consist of inductions and the interpretation of inductions. Mills theory of logic is based on the laws association.

Patriotism Essay -- essays research papers

The recent terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have caused confusion on the topic of patriotism. The best bureau to start understanding patriotism is to simply define it. Patriotism is a persons level of loyalty toward their country. Displays of true patriotism argon dramatic in times of despair, such as wars and terrorist attacks. However, many people have discrepancies on what displays of patriotism really are. Some people believe that showing patriotism can be accomplished by waving the flag and singing the study anthem. Others believe that a person must be much more(prenominal)(prenominal) involved in a cause to show patriotism. It is true that waving a flag doesnt accomplish much. Although this make oution displays good intentions, it can be done with little effort or thought. Patriotism is much more than waving the flag and singing the national anthem.Admittedly, waving the flag and singing the national anthem are not wrong things to do. These ac tions promote unity and raise moral. However, love for the country can be focused in ways that are much more productive. "Patriotism can no longer be defined by whether you think this is the greatest country in the world" (Gesford, 1). An act of patriotism must accomplish something. Making a personal sacrifice is an example. Donating money or joining the army would certainly benefit the country more than waving a flag. Furthermore, many people have failed to realize how blind their actions are. Patrick Henrys speech t...

Liberalism in Canadian Government Essay -- essays research papers

Liberalism is the best ideology for Canadas government and is a good combination of both Socialism and Conservatism. Liberalism takes the finer part from both ideologies to create a relegate multifariousness of government. Canadians now have a choice in which ideology they like better by this compromised form of government. The centre of the spectrum and the equilibrium of government and individual ownership is the definition of Liberalism.A good example of why Liberalism is the number one choice from most Canadians is familiar and privatized hospitals. Right now, Canada only has public hospitals that are free for everybody in need of medical assistance but require a health care plan. mankind hospitals are paid by taxes, just like public education. The only downfall of publicized faculties is that they are normally very crowded, and you cannot always get uphold as fast. Private hospitals appeal more to people with money. People who are willing to pay the extra couple gr and for faster and, some say, of better quality care. Since normally the best doctors would be working in their own pri...

A Paper on Listening Skills

In todays life we find it a bit difficult to make signifi micklet decisions or to suffice the tasks in a shorter span of time because we are used to taking our time in analyzing and understand the situation and then acting on it.But on the other hand, the need to be agile and alert is very important these days and it depends on us how to manage our time and activities. The publisher would talk about the skills of audition in detail by first introducing it, then the need of supple listening, barriers to alert listening, and tips for active listening.There is a significant divergency between hearing and listening hearing is natural process where as listening is a skill. We hear everything ranging from traffic noise to our friends parting over telephone, but listening deals with the hearing where we actually understand it and make sense out of it. We might be hearing but we might non be listening. Now lets discuss the importance of active listening skills.Importance of Listeni ng SkillsWhether it is our daily routine life or our working life, active listening has become so much important for us to remember the facts and things because information is bombarded to us from various sources.Talking about the working environment, active listening can make employees more productive and effective in their work not only this, there are several other reasons that emphasize the importance of active listening. Employees would be able to understand the assignments in a better expressive style build up good relationships or rapport with the supervisors, customers, or with other co-workers perform better when working in teams or groups resolve problems or complex tasks effectively manage time efficiently and answer the questions to others at a later(prenominal) stage when required.Barriers to Listening and Ways to improve itMany students and employees forget the information imparted in the lecture or any meeting because they make certain mistakes while listening howev er, they try to listen actively but some mistakes while listening can put all their effort in vain.First of all, listeners must be inert and put aside all their biases, prejudices, or emotions attached to a particular matter being discussed. Such biases keep the listener from understanding the gist of the government issue being discussed under a certain situation or cause.Secondly, listeners must try focusing on the speakers words and not his way of speaking, dressing, color, physique, or accent. Many listeners often trust the speaker who speaks confidently and is well-dressed, even if he or is not accurate or true in his speech.

Analysis of Hong Kong Economy During Financial Crisis

808 Proceedings of the s heretoforeth International company on grounding & Management An synopsis of the Hong Kong Economy after the Financial Crisis Cao Hongliu School of Management, Guangdong University of engineering science, Guangdong, P. R. China, 510520 (E-mail emailprotected com) Abstract This paper analyzes the current economic ripening and the status of conduct industries in Hong Kong. It shows that Hong Kong economy, which is in the main comprised of the value persistence in particular, facing with both opportunities and challenges after the monetary crisis.Hong Kong economy has a wide range of needs in information technology, electrical and electronic technology, and manufacturing technology. exploitation in these areas has great significance to ensure sustained suppuration of Hong Kong economy. Key words Hong Kong economy status Leading manufacture process labor 1 Introduction Hong Kongs a small and open economy system and international financial center, its economic cultivation face many new challenges because of the meeting of the spheric financial crisis.Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the Hong Kongs economic development and their leading industry status becomes an cardinal issue. 2 Overview of Hong Kong Economy 2. 1 The work heavens is a leading industry in Hong Kong From Table 1, we can see that the work industry is a leading industry of Hong Kong economy. During the ex from 1997 to 2006, operate sphere in the Hong Kong economy has gained greater prominence. This change has already been reflected in the share of contribution of the function sector to the topical anaesthetic gross municipal product.The contribution of the serve sector to GDP change magnitude from 85. 9% in 1997 to 91. 2% in 2006. Based on the industry definition of Hong Kong heel and Statistics Department, The service sector includes wholesale, sell and import and trade muckles, restaurants and hotels transport, storage and communicati ons financing, insurance, real body politic and chore services and community, neighborly and personal services. Table 1 gross(a) Domestic crossway (GDP) by Economic Activity (at Current Prices) GDP by Economic Activity(2004-2007) 2004 2005 2006 2007Economic activity Agriculture and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, fuck up and water bodily structure GDP 886 72 44455 39726 40376 dimension 0. 1 * 3. 6 3. 2 3. 2 GDP 847 snow 45547 39924 38538 ratio 0. 1 * 3. 4 3 2. 9 GDP 849 93 45761 40364 38688 ratio 0. 1 * 3. 2 2. 8 2. 7 GDP 895 114 39282 39426 40154 ratio 0. 1 * 2. 5 2. 5 2. 6 operate 1119304 89. 9 1207873 90. 6 1297545 91. 2 1429293 92. 3 Note Data is from Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics (2004-2008 Edition) edited by Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. Data unit is in billion terms and ratio unit is %.Besides, * represends the comparison had less than 0. 05% is in the gibe economy The services sector becomes the principal source of exercise. The employment share of the services sector in contribute employment has increased moodrately over the chivalric decade, from 79. 8% in 1997 to 86. 6% in 2007. In 2007, the services sector as a whole engaged 3. 03 million persons out of the 3. 5 million overall employments. The services sector plays a significant utilization in supporting the yield of our external manage. In 2007, the value of exports of services reached $652 one thousand million, representing an average annual maturation rate ofProceedings of the seventh International multitude on mutation & Management 809 8. 6% over 1997. In 2007, merchant and different trade- link services was the most(prenominal) important major(ip)(ip) service group, contributing 30. 9% to the value of total exports of services. It was followed by loony toons services and travel services, contributing 28. 6% and 16. 5% respectively to the value of total exports of services in 2007. In 1997, the respective contribution sh ares of these three major service groups in the value of total exports of services were 25. 6%, 30. % and 20. 8%. 2. 2 The structure of Hong Kongs services industry sector Among the economic activities in the services sector, wholesale, retail and import and export trades, restaurants and hotels unitedly contributed 27. 9% of the GDP in 2006, followed by financing, insurance, real estate and descent services (25. 0%), community, social and personal services (18. 0%) and transport, storage and communications (9. 6%). Among them, financial services, occupation, tourism and paid services are key industries in the Hong Kong economy.They have been the private road force of Hong Kongs economic growth, providing impetus to growth of different sectors and creating employment. (1) minute and export trade . The import and export trade is the most important industries in Hong Kongs service industry, has been playing an important role in the development of Hong Kong economy. The import a nd export trade produced a net produce of HK$305. 1 billion in 2006, representing an increase of 39% over 1997. The ratio is the highest among all service industry. In 2007, there were 98 000 import and export trading establishments in Hong Kong, with 520 000 persons.At the resembling time, import and export trade sector is besides directly promoting the development of opposite industries, such as logistics, rapture, seam services and other services. Hong Kongs import and export trade, including the visible trade and invisible trade two parts. The visible trade refers to the traditional commodity trade. In 2007, the value of Hong Kong merchandise and exported goods was $5,556 billion, representing an increase of 9. 8% compared to 2006. Hong Kongs total exports of goods (comprising domestic exports and re-exports) in 2007 amounted to $2,688 billion, or increased by 9. % when compared with 2006. The value of imports increased by 10. 3% to $2,868 billion in 2007. With the value of total exports being less than that of imports, a merchandise trade deficit of $180 billion was recorded in 2007. In the import and export trade, the largest proportion of re-exports. This was for the most part attributable to the relocation of many local manufacturing activities to the main destroy of China. Quite a large amount of the goods produced in the mainland of China through the outward affect arrangement were sent back to Hong Kong and re-exported to other countries/territories.During 1997 to 2007, the value of re-exports increased by 107%, while a decline of 48% was observed in the value of domestic exports. In 2007 the re-export trade to the mainland continued to grow rapidly. The invisible trade services are export and import trade of commercial services and financial services. sequence these services could be exported or imported by the import/export firms or companies in other sectors, most of the merchant and other trade-re previous(a)d services were exported o r imported by import/export firms . In 2007, Hong Kongs exports and imports of services valued at $652 billion and $322 billion respectively.Compared to 2006, exports and imports of services increased by 15. 4% and 11. 7% respectively. shed light on exports of services in 2007 amounted to $330 billion, this makes Hong Kongs overall trade surplus of $150 billion. (2) Finance. Hong Kong is recognized as an international financial center, many international banks and financial institutions equanimous here. The financial argument is classified in detail, covering all aspects of the financial industry. Hong Kong three-tier system of deposit-taking institutions, namely licensed banks, restricted licensed banks and deposit-taking companies, cognize collectively as the authorized institutions.At the end of 2007, the weigh of authorized institutions stood at 200, comprising 142 licensed banks, 29 restricted license banks and 29 deposit-taking companies. 68 of them were incorporated in Hong Kong and 132 were incorporated out-of-door Hong Kong. In addition, there were 79 representative offices of foreign banks coming from 27 economies/regions. As at end December 2007, 152 of the largest 500 banks in the world had a presence in Hong Kong. The value added generated by the banking industry amounted to $136. 5 billion, or 9. 6% of Hong Kongs Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2006, representing an increase of 41. % compared with 1997. The development of the banking sector likewise promotes the development of other financial industries. In 2007, some 2 940 establishments and about 32 400 persons were engaged in the business. These included farm animal and share companies commodity futures, gold bullion and foreign exchange brokers/dealers stock, bullion and commodity exchanges fund oversight companies investment advisory companies and firms providing other various financial services. The financial grocerys and as particularize management industry generated value added of about $59. billion, contributing to 4. 1% of Hong Kongs GDP in 2006. 810 Proceedings of the seventh International Conference on Innovation & Management Hong Kong is also the Securities and Exchange Center and an important place for the mainland enterprises to raise funds. At the end of 2007, 1 048 companies were listed on the Main mature of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx), with a total grocery store capitalization of $20,536 billion. Despite an increase of only 7. 5% in the number of listed companies, market capitalization was observed to rise 55. 0% over 2006.Since July 1993 when the graduation Chinese state owned company was listed on the HKEx through issuance of H shares, the role of Hong Kong as a major fund-raising centre for the mainland of China had become increasingly important. By the end of 2007, there were 146 H shares listed on the HKEx, with market capitalization of $5,080 billion. In addition, there were also 93 Red Chips companies and 200 pr ivate enterprises listed on HKEx. Hong Kong is one of the most active and liberal debt markets and a leading asset management centre in Asia. (3) Tourism . In 2007, 51 900 persons were engaged in industries closely associate o tourism, such as hotels and travel agents and 315 300 persons in industries partly colligate to tourism such as restaurants, retailers, transport operators and other service providers serving visitors. In terms of economic contribution, inbound tourism and outbound tourism together generated $45. 3 billion value added and 176 300 job opportunities in 2006, or 3. 2% of total GDP and 5. 2% of total employment of Hong Kong respectively. The number of future visitors in 2007 reached 28. 2 million, increased by 11. 6% as compared with 25. 3 million in 2006 and set the highest record for visitor arrivals in history.The mainland of China remained the major source market of visitors to Hong Kong since 1994. Visitor arrivals from the mainland of China reached 15. 5 million in 2007, accounted for 55. 0% of the total visitor arrivals, followed by South and selenium Asia (10. 3%) and chinaware (7. 9%). In addition, Hong Kong is Asias major trade exhibition and business conference center. A total of 218 conventions and 78 exhibitions with international troth were held in Hong Kong in 2006. (4) Professional service . The master service is Hong Kongs fourth-largest service industry.The professional services industry generated $40 billion of value added, or 2. 8% of Hong Kongs Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in 2006 and provided job opportunities for about 106 000 persons in 2007. In 2007, there were about 13 500 professional services establishments, including 3 900 accounting, auditing and bookkeeping firms, 1 800 solicitor and barrister firms, 3 300 architectural, surveying and engineering firms and some 4 500 management consultant firms. The business receipts of professional services industry increased by 10. 7% in 2007 over a year earlier.The development of professional services industry over the past decade was quite remarkable. Number of establishments and persons engaged increased by 35% and 23% respectively between 1997 and 2007. During the identical period, the total number of registered professionals also increased remarkably, with certified public accountants increasing at the fastest rate of 7. 3% per year on average. 2. 3 Manufacturing company is the support for the Hong Kong service industry In this paper, the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company refers specifically to the Hong Kong manufacturing companies in the mainland.The rapid expanding upon of Hong Kongs service industries in the past two decades benefited from the development of the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company and the sub-contracting business model. In the late 80s, under the pressure of high land prices, high rents, high labor be, a large number of Hong Kong manufacturers shifted their production to the Mainland, where the land and labor costs were re latively low, in particular the garner River Delta in Guangdong Province. And because of the changes in the business, many original manufacturing companies become the service company.These companies transferred their manufacturing factories to the Mainland, and kept the head dirts and other high value-added services such as marketing, order processing, material procurement, design, packaging, logistics business in Hong Kong. This business model is known as shop in reckon and factory in back mode. At the same time, in order to adapt to the changes in international markets and increase exports, many traditional trading companies, set up manufacturing factories in mainland, and formed a sub-contracting summons mode.In the sub-contractors mode, products manufactured in the mainland branch companies, head empennages in Hong Kong focused its efforts on trade, market and management. This mode of operation combined the mainland companies low-cost production advantage and the Hong Kong tr ading companies familiar with the international market advantage together, promoted the expeditions of business of Hong Kong trade companies and improved their production efficiency. This production mode provided a inexpugnable support to the development of Hong Kongs service industry.The financial crisis press great operating pressure to the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company. Mostly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region, the types of these companies are expire equipment, electrical appliances, toys, c stage sething, footwear and other labor-intensive industries. The development of these enterprises is based on low labor and land inputs, production technology is precise low. With the Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management 811 labor, land costs rising substantially in the Pearl River Delta region, the ompetitive advantages of the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company fall a lot in recent years. Under the impact of the financial crisis, there has an obvious drop in experts of these labor-intensive consumer goods. Many Hong Kong Manufacturing Companies face the trouble of orders reduction, profit decline, and even unsuccessful person. 3 Hong Kongs Economic Problems under the Global Financial Crisis Table 2 1997-2007 line of reasoning Receipts Indices 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Wholesale/Retail Import and export trade Restaurants Hotels Transport Storage Communications Banking Financing (except banking) Insurance 24. 4 107. 2 104. 7 99 61. 7 157. 1 127. 1 84. 1 79. 8 38. 2 88. 3 75. 5 94. 9 73. 1 68. 8 81. 1 96. 6 86. 4 56 59. 2 85. 8 80. 4 85. 7 58. 8 69. 1 77. 4 94. 3 86. 4 65. 7 70. 5 93. 8 90. 5 94. 3 81. 9 85 90. 6 95. 1 90. 2 87. 5 86. 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 107. 4 110. 2 109. 5 113. 7 110. 6 110. 2 100. 8 119. 5 147. 9 121. 3 99. 6 119. 6 114 109. 7 120. 6 119. 1 124. 2 131. 1 122. 6 127. 8 110. 8 165. 3 249. 7 156. 2 139. 3 135. 4 135. 4 117. 1 Real estate 135. 6 71. 5 75. 9 86. 2 Business 119. 7 87. 88. 1 95. 3 services Tourism 91. 5 75. 5 70 88. 5 calculator and 53. 1 63. 7 67. 3 81. 1 information services Note Data is from Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics(2008 Edition) Statistics Department. Table 3 2005 edited by Hong Kong Census and 2005-2008 the variation ratio of Business Receipts Indices 2006 2007 2007 3 quarter 9 15. 1 8. 2 15. 4 15. 7 11. 7 11. 7 9. 7 47. 7 99. 6 42. 1 27. 7 2007 4 quarter 15. 5 17. 7 7. 6 14. 8 16. 5 14. 8 10. 3 16. 2 45 82. 9 35. 4 69. 5 2008 1 quarter 9. 6 17. 5 13. 2 16 9. 9 15. 9 10. 7 11. 2 6. 32. 8 11. 7 14. 5 2008 2 quarter Wholesale/Retail Import and export trade Restaurants Hotels Transport Storage Communications Banking Financing (except banking) Insurance Real estate Business services 5. 6 6. 8 10. 6 6 22. 1 17. 8 10. 4 5. 1 10. 9 14. 3 16 16 7. 9 7. 3 10. 2 9. 5 13. 7 10. 6 10. 2 0. 8 19. 5 47. 9 21. 3 -0. 4 10. 4 12. 8 8 13. 4 15. 2 10. 8 16 10 38. 3 68. 8 28. 8 39. 8 14. 1 14. 4 14. 6 15. 3 9. 6 11 3. 5 13. 5 -6. 8 4. 7 8. 3 10 Tourism 4. 9 19. 6 13. 2 11. 8 14 11. 5 10. 3 Computer and 12. 9 14 18. 7 18. 9 25. 4 14. 14 information services Note Data is from Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics (2008 Edition) edited by Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. 812 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management Table 2 shows the revenue changes of the Hong Kongs service industry from the 1997 Asiatic financial crisis. In the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the subsequent 2003 epidemic of SARS, Hong Kongs service industry was especially hard hit. Until 2006, the industry revenue was generally restored to the level of 97. Finance, insurance, transport, trade and other business incurred the largest loss.In February 2007, the U. S. sub-loan crisis happened, and the Lehman bank filed for bankruptcy in September 2008. The U. S. financial crisis intensified and developed into a global financial crisis. From the second half of 2008, the global financial crisi s began to incline Hong Kong economy. This exploit is particularly evident in the service industry. Hong Kongs financial industry has been most touch. From Table 3 it can be seen that Banking and financial services industries are in the most affected after the financial crisis. There is a rapid decline in industry revenue.In the second quarter of 2008, banking industry even has the first negative growth since the past few years. At the end of the troika quarter, because a lot of major financial institutions in the linked States had been threatened with a bankruptcy, the global financial crisis became even more serious. The panic selling appeared in many countries stock market, Hong Kong was no exception. Hong Kongs Hang Seng big businessman plummeted by 15% in September, and fall 22% in October. The normal operation of Hong Kongs capital markets has been seriously affected.The growth of other financial think industries, such as insurance, real estate and business services, ha d a slowed down significantly from the beginning of the second quarter of 2008. Import and export trade and related industries sectors have been affected in different degrees. The merchandise exports slowed down in the third quarter and only had a small increase. Even so, this was the worst performance since the first quarter of 2002. With the increase of global financial crisis, exports to other markets also had different degrees of slowing down.As a result, the growth of related industries, such as business service, trade service, transportation and storage service also slowed down slightly. Exports of services had maintained a steady increase in the financial crisis, but the growth rate was also smaller than the second quarter. The growth of tourism also had signs of deceleration and affect the growth of related industry, such as transportation, hotels, catering services, the number of visitors from long keep market decrease a lot, particularly the tourists from Europe and the U nited States.To face the challenge of financial crisis, the SAR Government has been actively responding well to hamper the spread of financial risks. From the beginning of the sub-loan crisis in the United States, in order to ensure stability of the financial system, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority introduced a number of measures to improve the pressure on banks and provide necessary assistance to the banks. Securities and Futures Commission and the Insurance Supervisory Commission also had made action to strengthen the protection of investors and policyholders.At the same time, most Hong Kongs local financial institutions participation in directly investment to the US sub-loan is limited in small scale. The local banking system body steadily without be directly effected by the sub-loan crisis. Benefit from the economic development of the Mainland, Hong Kongs service industries is also approach with new opportunities in the global financial crisis. For example, back up by the growth of trade in the Mainland, offshore trade growth was still significant.Although 2008 is the Olympic Year, but the mainland tourists to Hong Kong remained a high-speed growth. In the third quarter of 2008, the Mainland tourists to Hong Kong wad still higher than last year, an increase of 9. 4%. Individual Visit Scheme is one of the bright muscae volitantes the visitors in unison with this scheme had a further rise in the third quarter, the ratio wad 14. 5%. These factors effectively guaranteed the smooth operation of Hong Kongs service industries. At the same time, the ten naturalization industry plan in the mainland had already been introduced.The mainland accelerated the pace of industrial upgrading and began to support the development of high tech industry. These policies provide a good environment for the Hong Kong companies in mainland to upgrade their technological level and achieve their own industrial upgrading. Based on the above analysis, the challenges faced by Ho ng Kongs economic in the financial crisis can be summarized into the following three aspects (1)financial sectors profits decline a lot, related sectors services business reduces. 2) The trade and service market in Western countries shrink. 3 Hong Kong Company in mainland operates difficultly. Hong Kong economy is facing the prospect for the steady development of the Mainland economy and the acceleration of the industrial upgrading. Therefore, in order to face the challenge of the financial crisis, it is important for Hong Kong service companies to expand business in the Mainland, and to Hong Kong companies in mainland to bring up the productivity. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management 813 4 ConclusionsThrough the above analysis, this paper can be skeletal the following conclusions (1) The a major problem of Hong Kong economy is decline in financial sector profits and trade volume with Western developed countries. (2)The expansion of demand of the Mainland market is the most important opportunity for Hong Kongs economic development. (3) Hong Kong economy has great demands for information technology, electrical and electronic technologies, manufacturing technology. To ensure sustainable development of Hong Kong economy, it is very important to promote scientific and technological development. References 1 Yang Xue.The analysis of the Scientific and Technological Needs Based on Micro-macro SystemJ. Social Science Frontier, 2008, (10) 241(In Chinese) 2 Guo Kasha, Wang Wenlong. Science and Technology Needs abridgment of Chinese High-Tech IndustryJ. Economic Review, 2004, (8)198(In Chinese) 3 Wu Jiapei, Wang Changsheng. Science and Technology Needs Analysis of the New Road to IndustrializationJ. Science & Technology and Economy, 2005, (4) 4(In Chinese) 4 Li Jianhua, Cheng Baoying, Yang Xue. Analysis on indigence of Science and Technology Effected by Informatization During New IndustrializationJ. Information Science, 2004, (8) 903(In Chinese)Analysis of Hong Kong Economy During Financial Crisis808 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management An Analysis of the Hong Kong Economy after the Financial Crisis Cao Hongliu School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, P. R. China, 510520 (E-mail emailprotected com) Abstract This paper analyzes the current economic development and the status of leading industries in Hong Kong. It shows that Hong Kong economy, which is mainly comprised of the service industry in particular, facing with both opportunities and challenges after the financial crisis.Hong Kong economy has a wide range of needs in information technology, electrical and electronic technology, and manufacturing technology. Development in these areas has great significance to ensure sustained development of Hong Kong economy. Key words Hong Kong economy status Leading industry Service industry 1 Introduction Hong Kongs a small and open economy system and international financial center, its economic development face many new challenges because of the impact of the global financial crisis.Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the Hong Kongs economic development and their leading industry status becomes an important issue. 2 Overview of Hong Kong Economy 2. 1 The services sector is a leading industry in Hong Kong From Table 1, we can see that the services industry is a leading industry of Hong Kong economy. During the decade from 1997 to 2006, services sector in the Hong Kong economy has gained greater prominence. This change has already been reflected in the share of contribution of the services sector to the local GDP.The contribution of the services sector to GDP increased from 85. 9% in 1997 to 91. 2% in 2006. Based on the industry definition of Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department, The services sector includes wholesale, retail and import and export trades, restaurants and hotels transport, storage and communications f inancing, insurance, real estate and business services and community, social and personal services. Table 1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Economic Activity (at Current Prices) GDP by Economic Activity(2004-2007) 2004 2005 2006 2007Economic activity Agriculture and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water Construction GDP 886 72 44455 39726 40376 ratio 0. 1 * 3. 6 3. 2 3. 2 GDP 847 100 45547 39924 38538 ratio 0. 1 * 3. 4 3 2. 9 GDP 849 93 45761 40364 38688 ratio 0. 1 * 3. 2 2. 8 2. 7 GDP 895 114 39282 39426 40154 ratio 0. 1 * 2. 5 2. 5 2. 6 Services 1119304 89. 9 1207873 90. 6 1297545 91. 2 1429293 92. 3 Note Data is from Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics (2004-2008 Edition) edited by Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. Data unit is in million terms and ratio unit is %.Besides, * represents the comparison had less than 0. 05% is in the total economy The services sector becomes the principal source of employment. The employment share of the s ervices sector in total employment has increased moderately over the past decade, from 79. 8% in 1997 to 86. 6% in 2007. In 2007, the services sector as a whole engaged 3. 03 million persons out of the 3. 5 million overall employments. The services sector plays a significant role in supporting the growth of our external trade. In 2007, the value of exports of services reached $652 billion, representing an average annual growth rate ofProceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management 809 8. 6% over 1997. In 2007, merchant and other trade-related services was the most important major service group, contributing 30. 9% to the value of total exports of services. It was followed by transportation services and travel services, contributing 28. 6% and 16. 5% respectively to the value of total exports of services in 2007. In 1997, the respective percentage shares of these three major service groups in the value of total exports of services were 25. 6%, 30. % and 20. 8%. 2. 2 The structure of Hong Kongs services industry sector Among the economic activities in the services sector, wholesale, retail and import and export trades, restaurants and hotels together contributed 27. 9% of the GDP in 2006, followed by financing, insurance, real estate and business services (25. 0%), community, social and personal services (18. 0%) and transport, storage and communications (9. 6%). Among them, financial services, trading, tourism and professional services are key industries in the Hong Kong economy.They have been the driving force of Hong Kongs economic growth, providing impetus to growth of other sectors and creating employment. (1) Import and export trade . The import and export trade is the most important industries in Hong Kongs service industry, has been playing an important role in the development of Hong Kong economy. The import and export trade produced a net output of HK$305. 1 billion in 2006, representing an increase of 39% over 1997. The rati o is the highest among all service industry. In 2007, there were 98 000 import and export trading establishments in Hong Kong, with 520 000 persons.At the same time, import and export trade sector is also directly promoting the development of other industries, such as logistics, transportation, business services and other services. Hong Kongs import and export trade, including the visible trade and invisible trade two parts. The visible trade refers to the traditional commodity trade. In 2007, the value of Hong Kong imported and exported goods was $5,556 billion, representing an increase of 9. 8% compared to 2006. Hong Kongs total exports of goods (comprising domestic exports and re-exports) in 2007 amounted to $2,688 billion, or increased by 9. % when compared with 2006. The value of imports increased by 10. 3% to $2,868 billion in 2007. With the value of total exports being less than that of imports, a merchandise trade deficit of $180 billion was recorded in 2007. In the import a nd export trade, the largest proportion of re-exports. This was largely attributable to the relocation of many local manufacturing activities to the mainland of China. Quite a large amount of the goods produced in the mainland of China through the outward processing arrangement were sent back to Hong Kong and re-exported to other countries/territories.During 1997 to 2007, the value of re-exports increased by 107%, while a decline of 48% was observed in the value of domestic exports. In 2007 the re-export trade to the mainland continued to grow rapidly. The invisible trade services are export and import trade of commercial services and financial services. While these services could be exported or imported by the import/export firms or companies in other sectors, most of the merchant and other trade-related services were exported or imported by import/export firms . In 2007, Hong Kongs exports and imports of services valued at $652 billion and $322 billion respectively.Compared to 200 6, exports and imports of services increased by 15. 4% and 11. 7% respectively. Net exports of services in 2007 amounted to $330 billion, this makes Hong Kongs overall trade surplus of $150 billion. (2) Finance. Hong Kong is recognized as an international financial center, many multinational banks and financial institutions gathered here. The financial business is classified in detail, covering all aspects of the financial industry. Hong Kong three-tier system of deposit-taking institutions, namely licensed banks, restricted licensed banks and deposit-taking companies, known collectively as the authorized institutions.At the end of 2007, the number of authorized institutions stood at 200, comprising 142 licensed banks, 29 restricted license banks and 29 deposit-taking companies. 68 of them were incorporated in Hong Kong and 132 were incorporated outside Hong Kong. In addition, there were 79 representative offices of foreign banks coming from 27 economies/regions. As at end December 2007, 152 of the largest 500 banks in the world had a presence in Hong Kong. The value added generated by the banking industry amounted to $136. 5 billion, or 9. 6% of Hong Kongs Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2006, representing an increase of 41. % compared with 1997. The development of the banking sector also promotes the development of other financial industries. In 2007, some 2 940 establishments and about 32 400 persons were engaged in the business. These included stock and share companies commodity futures, gold bullion and foreign exchange brokers/dealers stock, bullion and commodity exchanges fund management companies investment advisory companies and firms providing other various financial services. The financial markets and asset management industry generated value added of about $59. billion, contributing to 4. 1% of Hong Kongs GDP in 2006. 810 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management Hong Kong is also the Securities and Exchange Center and an important place for the mainland enterprises to raise funds. At the end of 2007, 1 048 companies were listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx), with a total market capitalization of $20,536 billion. Despite an increase of only 7. 5% in the number of listed companies, market capitalization was observed to rise 55. 0% over 2006.Since July 1993 when the first Chinese state owned company was listed on the HKEx through issuance of H shares, the role of Hong Kong as a major fund-raising centre for the mainland of China had become increasingly important. By the end of 2007, there were 146 H shares listed on the HKEx, with market capitalization of $5,080 billion. In addition, there were also 93 Red Chips companies and 200 private enterprises listed on HKEx. Hong Kong is one of the most active and liberal debt markets and a leading asset management centre in Asia. (3) Tourism . In 2007, 51 900 persons were engaged in industries closely related o tourism, such as hotels and travel agents and 315 300 persons in industries partly related to tourism such as restaurants, retailers, transport operators and other service providers serving visitors. In terms of economic contribution, inbound tourism and outbound tourism together generated $45. 3 billion value added and 176 300 job opportunities in 2006, or 3. 2% of total GDP and 5. 2% of total employment of Hong Kong respectively. The number of incoming visitors in 2007 reached 28. 2 million, increased by 11. 6% as compared with 25. 3 million in 2006 and set the highest record for visitor arrivals in history.The mainland of China remained the major source market of visitors to Hong Kong since 1994. Visitor arrivals from the mainland of China reached 15. 5 million in 2007, accounted for 55. 0% of the total visitor arrivals, followed by South and Southeast Asia (10. 3%) and Taiwan (7. 9%). In addition, Hong Kong is Asias major trade exhibition and business conference center. A total of 218 conventions and 78 exhibitions with international participation were held in Hong Kong in 2006. (4) Professional service . The professional service is Hong Kongs fourth-largest service industry.The professional services industry generated $40 billion of value added, or 2. 8% of Hong Kongs Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in 2006 and provided job opportunities for about 106 000 persons in 2007. In 2007, there were about 13 500 professional services establishments, including 3 900 accounting, auditing and bookkeeping firms, 1 800 solicitor and barrister firms, 3 300 architectural, surveying and engineering firms and some 4 500 management consultant firms. The business receipts of professional services industry increased by 10. 7% in 2007 over a year earlier.The development of professional services industry over the past decade was quite remarkable. Number of establishments and persons engaged increased by 35% and 23% respectively between 1997 and 2007. During the same period, the total number of registered professionals also increased remarkably, with certified public accountants increasing at the fastest rate of 7. 3% per year on average. 2. 3 Manufacturing company is the support for the Hong Kong service industry In this paper, the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company refers specifically to the Hong Kong manufacturing companies in the mainland.The rapid expansion of Hong Kongs service industries in the past two decades benefited from the development of the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company and the sub-contracting business model. In the late 80s, under the pressure of high land prices, high rents, high labor costs, a large number of Hong Kong manufacturers shifted their production to the Mainland, where the land and labor costs were relatively low, in particular the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Province. And because of the changes in the business, many original manufacturing companies become the service company.These companies transferred their manufacturing fac tories to the Mainland, and kept the headquarters and other high value-added services such as marketing, order processing, material procurement, design, packaging, logistics business in Hong Kong. This business model is known as shop in front and factory in back mode. At the same time, in order to adapt to the changes in international markets and increase exports, many traditional trading companies, set up manufacturing factories in mainland, and formed a sub-contracting operation mode.In the sub-contractors mode, products manufactured in the mainland branch companies, headquarters in Hong Kong focused its efforts on trade, market and management. This mode of operation combined the mainland companies low-cost production advantage and the Hong Kong trading companies familiar with the international market advantage together, promoted the expeditions of business of Hong Kong trade companies and improved their production efficiency. This production mode provided a strong support to the development of Hong Kongs service industry.The financial crisis press great operating pressure to the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company. Mostly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region, the types of these companies are sound equipment, electrical appliances, toys, clothing, footwear and other labor-intensive industries. The development of these enterprises is based on low labor and land inputs, production technology is very low. With the Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management 811 labor, land costs rising substantially in the Pearl River Delta region, the ompetitive advantages of the Hong Kong Manufacturing Company decreased a lot in recent years. Under the impact of the financial crisis, there has an obvious drop in experts of these labor-intensive consumer goods. Many Hong Kong Manufacturing Companies face the problem of orders reduction, profit decline, and even bankruptcy. 3 Hong Kongs Economic Problems under the Global Financial Crisis Table 2 1997-2007 Business Receipts Indices 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Wholesale/Retail Import and export trade Restaurants Hotels Transport Storage Communications Banking Financing (except banking) Insurance 24. 4 107. 2 104. 7 99 61. 7 157. 1 127. 1 84. 1 79. 8 38. 2 88. 3 75. 5 94. 9 73. 1 68. 8 81. 1 96. 6 86. 4 56 59. 2 85. 8 80. 4 85. 7 58. 8 69. 1 77. 4 94. 3 86. 4 65. 7 70. 5 93. 8 90. 5 94. 3 81. 9 85 90. 6 95. 1 90. 2 87. 5 86. 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 107. 4 110. 2 109. 5 113. 7 110. 6 110. 2 100. 8 119. 5 147. 9 121. 3 99. 6 119. 6 114 109. 7 120. 6 119. 1 124. 2 131. 1 122. 6 127. 8 110. 8 165. 3 249. 7 156. 2 139. 3 135. 4 135. 4 117. 1 Real estate 135. 6 71. 5 75. 9 86. 2 Business 119. 7 87. 88. 1 95. 3 services Tourism 91. 5 75. 5 70 88. 5 Computer and 53. 1 63. 7 67. 3 81. 1 information services Note Data is from Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics(2008 Edition) Statistics Department. Table 3 2005 edited by Hong Kong Census and 2005-2008 the variation ratio of Business Receipts Indices 2006 2007 2007 3 quarter 9 15. 1 8. 2 15. 4 15. 7 11. 7 11. 7 9. 7 47. 7 99. 6 42. 1 27. 7 2007 4 quarter 15. 5 17. 7 7. 6 14. 8 16. 5 14. 8 10. 3 16. 2 45 82. 9 35. 4 69. 5 2008 1 quarter 9. 6 17. 5 13. 2 16 9. 9 15. 9 10. 7 11. 2 6. 32. 8 11. 7 14. 5 2008 2 quarter Wholesale/Retail Import and export trade Restaurants Hotels Transport Storage Communications Banking Financing (except banking) Insurance Real estate Business services 5. 6 6. 8 10. 6 6 22. 1 17. 8 10. 4 5. 1 10. 9 14. 3 16 16 7. 9 7. 3 10. 2 9. 5 13. 7 10. 6 10. 2 0. 8 19. 5 47. 9 21. 3 -0. 4 10. 4 12. 8 8 13. 4 15. 2 10. 8 16 10 38. 3 68. 8 28. 8 39. 8 14. 1 14. 4 14. 6 15. 3 9. 6 11 3. 5 13. 5 -6. 8 4. 7 8. 3 10 Tourism 4. 9 19. 6 13. 2 11. 8 14 11. 5 10. 3 Computer and 12. 9 14 18. 7 18. 9 25. 4 14. 14 information services Note Data is from Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics (2008 Edition) edited by Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. 812 Proceedi ngs of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management Table 2 shows the revenue changes of the Hong Kongs service industry from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. In the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the subsequent 2003 epidemic of SARS, Hong Kongs service industry was particularly hard hit. Until 2006, the industry revenue was generally restored to the level of 97. Finance, insurance, transport, trade and other business incurred the largest loss.In February 2007, the U. S. sub-loan crisis happened, and the Lehman bank filed for bankruptcy in September 2008. The U. S. financial crisis intensified and developed into a global financial crisis. From the second half of 2008, the global financial crisis began to influence Hong Kong economy. This performance is particularly evident in the service industry. Hong Kongs financial industry has been most affected. From Table 3 it can be seen that Banking and financial services industries are in the most affected after the financia l crisis. There is a rapid decline in industry revenue.In the second quarter of 2008, banking industry even has the first negative growth since the past few years. At the end of the third quarter, because a lot of major financial institutions in the United States had been threatened with a bankruptcy, the global financial crisis became even more serious. The panic selling appeared in many countries stock market, Hong Kong was no exception. Hong Kongs Hang Seng index plummeted by 15% in September, and fall 22% in October. The normal operation of Hong Kongs capital markets has been seriously affected.The growth of other financial related industries, such as insurance, real estate and business services, had a slowed down significantly from the beginning of the second quarter of 2008. Import and export trade and related industries sectors have been affected in different degrees. The merchandise exports slowed down in the third quarter and only had a small increase. Even so, this was the worst performance since the first quarter of 2002. With the increase of global financial crisis, exports to other markets also had different degrees of slowing down.As a result, the growth of related industries, such as business service, trade service, transportation and storage service also slowed down slightly. Exports of services had maintained a steady increase in the financial crisis, but the growth rate was also smaller than the second quarter. The growth of tourism also had signs of deceleration and affect the growth of related industry, such as transportation, hotels, catering services, the number of visitors from long distance market decrease a lot, particularly the tourists from Europe and the United States.To face the challenge of financial crisis, the SAR Government has been actively responding well to prevent the spread of financial risks. From the beginning of the sub-loan crisis in the United States, in order to ensure stability of the financial system, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority introduced a number of measures to alleviate the pressure on banks and provide necessary assistance to the banks. Securities and Futures Commission and the Insurance Supervisory Commission also had made action to strengthen the protection of investors and policyholders.At the same time, most Hong Kongs local financial institutions participation in directly investment to the US sub-loan is limited in small scale. The local banking system remains steadily without be directly effected by the sub-loan crisis. Benefit from the economic development of the Mainland, Hong Kongs service industries is also faced with new opportunities in the global financial crisis. For example, supported by the growth of trade in the Mainland, offshore trade growth was still significant.Although 2008 is the Olympic Year, but the mainland tourists to Hong Kong remained a high-speed growth. In the third quarter of 2008, the Mainland tourists to Hong Kong wad still higher than last year, an increase of 9. 4%. Individual Visit Scheme is one of the bright spots the visitors in accordance with this scheme had a further rise in the third quarter, the ratio wad 14. 5%. These factors effectively guaranteed the smooth operation of Hong Kongs service industries. At the same time, the ten naturalization industry plan in the mainland had already been introduced.The mainland accelerated the pace of industrial upgrading and began to support the development of high-tech industry. These policies provide a good environment for the Hong Kong companies in mainland to upgrade their technological level and achieve their own industrial upgrading. Based on the above analysis, the challenges faced by Hong Kongs economic in the financial crisis can be summarized into the following three aspects (1)financial sectors profits decline a lot, related sectors services business reduces. 2) The trade and service market in Western countries shrink. 3 Hong Kong Company in mainland operates difficultly . Hong Kong economy is facing the opportunity for the steady development of the Mainland economy and the acceleration of the industrial upgrading. Therefore, in order to face the challenge of the financial crisis, it is important for Hong Kong service companies to expand business in the Mainland, and to Hong Kong companies in mainland to enhance the productivity. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management 813 4 ConclusionsThrough the above analysis, this paper can be drawn the following conclusions (1) The a major problem of Hong Kong economy is decline in financial sector profits and trade volume with Western developed countries. (2)The expansion of demand of the Mainland market is the most important opportunity for Hong Kongs economic development. (3) Hong Kong economy has great demands for information technology, electrical and electronic technologies, manufacturing technology. To ensure sustainable development of Hong Kong economy, it is very impo rtant to promote scientific and technological development. References 1 Yang Xue.The Analysis of the Scientific and Technological Needs Based on Micro-macro SystemJ. Social Science Frontier, 2008, (10) 241(In Chinese) 2 Guo Kasha, Wang Wenlong. Science and Technology Needs Analysis of Chinese High-Tech IndustryJ. Economic Review, 2004, (8)198(In Chinese) 3 Wu Jiapei, Wang Changsheng. Science and Technology Needs Analysis of the New Road to IndustrializationJ. Science & Technology and Economy, 2005, (4) 4(In Chinese) 4 Li Jianhua, Cheng Baoying, Yang Xue. Analysis on Demand of Science and Technology Effected by Informatization During New IndustrializationJ. Information Science, 2004, (8) 903(In Chinese)

Poetry Explication Essay

Wordsworth is bingle among the best tail fin poets in English. He wrote valety verse forms and most of them atomic number 18 best cognise for its treatment of love for character. The Daffodils, Lines Written in Early Spring, To the Cuckoo, and My Heart Leaps Up are very few of his rimes in which the role of constitution is predominant. By the close reading of the poems it is obvious that he is an ardent l over of nature. And he has the quality to heal all his deep sufferings by whoop it uping nature. And he insists his readers that to blend in touch with nature and it will cure all their problems. Through his poems he gave such a healing occasion to nature.In most of his poems he considered nature as a living personality. He is a very sensitive to all changes occurred in nature. I WANTERED LONELY AS A obliterate (THE DAFFODILS) His poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is one of the most celebrated poem. In which the poet describes well-nigh a time when he wandered standardiz ed a cloud through vales and hills. From the first frontier of this poem it is clear that the poet feels lonely at the time of writing this poem. Finally he saw a group of daffodils which are fluttering and terpsichore in the breeze. This is all about the first stanza of this poem.In its second stanza he started describe about the daffodils. The flowers seemed neer ending so he compares it with shining stars in the Milky Way. He assumes that he might see ten thousand daffodils at a glance. This shows that the flowers are countless or large in number. And they are tossing their heads and sprightly dance. Here the poet is depressed internally but he tries to find happiness from his surround nature. In third stanza he compares the waves of the lake and daffodils. But he says that daffodils have much glee than the sparking lake. And he says that a poet cant do anything but enjoying it. til now in his loneliness he feels some happiness inside his mind. He says that in such a jocunt company a poet can only enjoy it nonhing more than that. He starred at the scene for a extensive time and he couldnt understand what he gained by gazing at it. Here he says that nature has a power to attract any mans attention even if the man is in depressed mood. In its start stanza he describes about what he gained from this follow through. He says whenever he feels pensive or vacant this experience fills happiness in the mind of the poet and he started leaping with that flowers. It shows his change of mood after take a look of those flowers.They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude And then my knocker with sport fills, And dances with the daffodils. The dancing daffodils have that much influence in the mind of the poet. This experience was capable to heal the inner sufferings of him. From this poem he tries to t for each one the reader about the enormousness of mans connection with nature. Only nature can give utmost pleasure to man than any material possession. MY HEART LEAPS UP (THE RAINBOW) This poem is one of Wordsworths widely accepted poems. In which he depicts about his excitements when he saw a rainbow in the sky.This poem is well kn aver be sheath of its simmpleness in theme and its treatment of nature. Through this poem he reveals to his readers that how childishly he keeps enjoying nature. He utilize to see rainbow in the sky from his puerility itself. straighta delegacy he is a grown up man but simmer down he didnt lose his spirit towards nature. In curtly his love for nature is consistent. We can understand it by referring many of his poems. This poem is started with the line My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky From the first line itself he started describing his cheerful experience when he saw a rainbow in the sky. consort to him on that point is no term bound in enjoying nature. He used here present, past and future tenses only to denote his spirit of enjoying the nature. So was it when my flavor began So is it now I am a man So be it when I shall grow old, He says that when he was in his childhood the view of rainbow do the same effect which he feels now, in his manhood. And he managees to slide by like this in his future alike. In his mind leading a life without keeping any connection with nature is worse than death. He says that in his future days if he is not capable to enjoy it then let me die .He cant think a life without nature because it is everything for him. And through these lines he as well shows his consistent love towards nature. His love has same spirit throughout his life. And till his end he wishes to live in natures lap. Towards the end of this poem he says that The child is let of the man which gives a paradoxical meaning here. Commonly we know that man is the father of child. But here he was not talking about its direct meaning. He only inwardness that from the childhood begins manhood. Here the word father means one from whom something be gins.The main idea of the poem lies in this line, i.e. , the present is the outcome of past and like this future will be the outcome of present. And in its terminal lines he shows his deep desire to live in connection with nature by enjoying all its varieties. And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety. Through these lines he indirectly talks about his immense desire to go back to his childhood. In that age he was very cheerful. Now in his adulthood, because of the bitter experiences of his life, he wishes to attain his childhood once again and he finds that nature is the best mean to achieve it.The themes of childhood and nature are best described through this poem. LINES WRITTEN IN EARLY SPRING It is a simple, lyric poem. The poet himself said in this poem that he wrote this when he sit down under the shade of a group of trees. He was in a relaxing mood at that time and he sit there for a long time by enjoying the music or the sounds from his surrounding s. Suddenly the music changes to a melancholy note when he started thinking about munificence. In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts Bring sad thoughts to the mind. Personally the poet was in a depressed situation at that time.Because of the French Revolution there were problems concerning poverty and society. Moreover he was not take care by his uncle, who was supposed to take care of him since the death of his father, after his graduation. But when he sat under the trees he felt better and slowly it act like a healing balm of his sufferings. But suddenly things have changed. He says that the fine sight of nature is a bridge from human soul to god. According to him natural sights are enough to give a perpetual bliss to his mind. To her comme il faut works did Nature link The human soul that through me ran Through these lines the poet tries to spiritualize nature.He knows that spiritual life is happier than material life. Now his tiresome heart is in search for eternal pleas ure. Nature is a perfect creation of god so worshipping it will also give bliss. But the thought of humanity again started disturbing him. And he thinks patheti invitey about the treatment given to a man by his fellow beings. And much it grieved my heart to think What man has do of man. From these lines he tries to say that all the sufferings of man are only because of the drifting away from nature. According to him nature is the mother of humans. From there only we pose complete compensation from all our sufferings.So he indirectly says that men cant exist without nature. Then he started describing about the flowers in that place. Primrose, spinster like flowers are well grown there. After gazing at them he realized that all the flowers are enjoying all their actions even their breathing. From his surroundings he wish acquire some happiness and thus feel an internal bliss. The hoots around me hopped and played, Their thoughts I cannot measure But the least motion which they m ade, It seemed a thrill of pleasure Secondly he started looking at the birds around him. They were hopped and played there.Then he says that he was not able to understand their thoughts but even in their small movements poet could feel a thrill of pleasure in them. Poets mind is wounded now. But the pleasant picture of the nature changes his mood and brings happiness slowly. In its fourth stanza he started describing about the trees around him. They were all spreading their leaves to breathe the fresh air. But their also he could see only happiness. He came to a realization that nature itself is blissful. All the creatures which are living in connection with nature are all blessed with peace and happiness.In the final exam stanza he concludes the poem with an important question that is what man has made of man? He became clear about the fact that drifting away from nature is the cause of all tragedies in human life. This realization ache him very harshly. Have I not reason to lamen t What Man has made of Man? According to him man himself is only responsible for their sufferings. Throughout the poem the pleasure which he describes is something spiritual or divine and the union of man and nature is also the jut out of god. Here it is well expressed the poets capacity to spiritualize nature.Thus this poem is all about the relationship between man and nature. TO THE CUCKOO This poem is one of the best poem in which nature is reflected. Throughout this poem the poet thus the speaker system addressing a bird cuckoo. Through this poem the poet welcomes the spring era in the most elegant way. He from his childhood noticed that from the beginning of this season nature seems more beautiful with the go voice of the bird cuckoo. And in this poem he indirectly depicting about his belief in supernatural elements and he states that this earth is not only for humans but also for animals, birds, supernatural elements like fairies etc.He starts the poem by calling the bird cuckoo as a BLITHE New Comer. He was attracted by its double fold shouting than anything. The bird is not visible to the poet. So in utter confusion he asks the bird that, shall I call thee bird, / Or but a wandering voice? It also shows his interest to see that bird. In its first stanza he talks about his happiness when he hear the voice of the bird. In his second stanza he describes about when he heard the shouting of the bird cuckoo. When he lied on grass he heard the voice passing through hills to hill but he couldnt fix the bird and thus the shouting seems to him as a wandering voice.Even he became in confusion that whether the bird is shouting from far away or nearby place. Thus the devilfold sound of that bird made him a wanderer. Wordsworth is best known as the poet of eyeball and ear. In his third stanza he talks about his pleasure and his experiences after seeing that cuckoo. Though verbalise only to the Vale, Of Sunshine and of flowers, Thou bringest unto me a tale O f visionary hours. The valley which was filled with sunshine and flowers seemed more beautiful with the voice of the bird. It gives a feast to his eyes and ears. So it made him to stay there for a long time. It brings happiness to his mind.So whenever he heard its voice his urge to see that bird increases. And in the next stanza he addresses the bird as darling of the spring and he welcomes it to the season. And he says to the bird that the bird is only an invisible thing to him. So he feels that the voice of that bird is something mysteries. Even an unknown sound from nature has pro lay down influence in poets mind. Thats why it easily catches the attention of the poet. In its fifth stanza he describes about his childhood. Even in his childhood he wandered a lot to see this bird. He tried to see the bird by following its voice.The same whom in my school-boy days I listened to that Cry Which made me look a thousand ways In bush, and tree, and sky. He says that even from his boyhoo d age he was fully attracted by the catching beauty of nature. In his childhood also he used to listen its music but then also he didnt get a chance to see that bird. The bird stays by hiding itself and through its sweet sound it makes the nature more alive and thus it tries to increase its overall beauty. In his childhood he often searched it In bush, tree and sky. Still he keeps searching it with a apply of success. So these lines also show the theme of hope also.He didnt tire with his thousands of attempt to see that bird. All his failures made him to search more and more. So by observing nature he got a hope for his future. He retrieves that one day he will meet the owner of that wandering dim voice. In its next two stanzas he depicts about his theme of hope and childhood. Even in his manhood also he is wandering for that bird. He has a spark of hope by the shouting of that bird. He keeps an ardent love towards the bird even if he didnt see that bird yet.And he says that whe n he lied on the grass and hear the voice, it made a nostalgic effectto his mind. He started thinking about his golden time, childhood. From the line, And listen, till I do beget That golden time again. It is obvious that his childhood was full of happiness.That is why he referred it with the word golden time. The music of cuckoo had made this much influence in the mind of the poet. In its final stanza he gives a supernatural power to that bird. He calls it as O blessed bird . From our childhood itself we heard about the stories of fairies. Fairies are some supernatural elements which help and give happiness to others. So to him the bird cuckoo also like this.It gives bright pleasure to the mind of the people. With its sweet voice it heals the incurable wounds of the mind. In his last stanzas he indirectly depicts about his believe in supernatural elements like fairy. O blessed Bird the earth we pace Again appears to be An unsubstantial, faery place That is fit home for Thee Thro ugh this line he says that this humans is not only for humans but also for animals and other super natural elements. In his eyes the cuckoo bird is a blessed one because it has the power to heal the inner sorrows of men and it fills eternal bliss in to the mind of the humans.This poem dramatizes the conflict between appearance and reality, particularly as this conflict relates to the central symbol of the poem, the goose search. The speaker relates the tale of two lovers who encounter a dead fish on the beach after sharing their affection with one another. While looking at the fish, the couple ponders the meaning of this fish. Taken figuratively, the goose fish occupies many roles. As the speaker overlooks the events taking place between two lovers on a beach, he introduces the goose fish as playing the part of an intruder Until they saw / As though the whole world had found them out, / The goose fish (15-17).Shortly after the lovers witness the goose fish, they ponder over what the fishs big toothy grin would express, / So complete a comedian (30-31). The speaker then expresses the lovers thoughts that delegate the fish as an emblem of their passionate love and an optimist of their relationship. Finally, after conveying the numerous roles that the lovers attribute to the fish, the speaker expresses the lovers final decision to call the goose fish their patriarch who blesses their union. In reality, the fish can not realistically satisfy these roles because it has died.In this way, the speaker communicates the some(prenominal) roles that the lovers ascribe to the goose fish. However, the poem begins with several oddities that hint to the fact that this poem expresses more than its literal words. For example, the poem follows the iambic tetrameter form with each stanza shutdown in an iambic trimeter line. The form of the poem as well as the speakers neutral attitude toward the events that take place create a philosophical and detached tone that suggest th at the objects and events within the poem should not be interpreted according to their denotations.Also, the rhetoric of the first line illustrates that the words in that line do not simply describe the beach. The speaker uses long vowel sounds to create the long stretch of beach that the lovers inhabit On the long shore, lit by the moon (1). The syntax conforms to traditional rules so that the speaker can explicitly narrate the action happening between the two lovers 2 lovers suddenly embraced / So that their shadows were as one (3-4). The lovers share an intimate moment that expresses their love for one another.The vocabulary that the speaker uses such as graced, prized, and emparadised suggests that whenever the couple gets together, they place their own fantasy dream world that consists of just themselves. In the second stanza, the speaker replaces his long, flowing lines with short, abrupt words to convey the fright that the two lovers experience when an outsider intrudes upo n their fantasy world Then, as if shaken by stage-fright / Beneath the hard moons bony light, (10-11). The goose fish, the central symbol of the poem, introduces himself to the pair off of lovers.Even though the fish looks deceased, the use of irony that the speaker employs describes the role of the goose fish as an intruder Until they saw, there underfoot, / As though the world had found them out, / The goose fish turning up, though dead, / His hugely grinning head (15-18). The normal structure of the speakers sentence builds up to the distrust of finding out who has trespassed into the lovers secret world They stood together on the sand / Embarrassed in each others sight / But still conspiring hand in hand, (12-14).In the third stanza, the speaker describes the importance of the interrupting goose fish on the couple through an iambic trimeter line The only way that could be known / To make a world their own (26-27). The lovers express astonishment in how a fish has infiltrated t heir fantasy world. Thus, they try to attribute their own special meaning to the fish to make him a part of their world. The speaker blends the symbols of the moon and the fish to show the merging of the heavenly, or the appearance, with the earthly, or the reality at that place in the china light he lay, / Most ancient and corrupt and gray (19-20).As the speaker tells about the fish, he inverts the order of his sentence. The fishs description follows the introduction of the fish. The speaker reverses his word order to place emphasis on the comparison between the heavenly moon and the earthly goose fish. descriptive words such as fragile and violence transform the lovers dream world into a place of horror because an unwelcome visitor joins them. In the last two stanzas of this poem, the goose fish becomes transformed into three different roles as the lovers attempt to decipher the fishs true meaning.At first they believe that his wide and moony grin transforms the fish into a comed ian (28). The use of the word moony to describe the fish fully joins the symbols of the moon and the fish together. This mingle represents the unity of the cosmos and that although the lovers appear to exist only in their own dream world, they still find themselves stuck in reality. The couple quickly determines that the fish does not serve as a symbol of humor, but as an emblem of their love.But took it for an emblem of / Their sudden, new and guilty love (33-34). Through the use of short words, the speaker infuses energy into the lovers new interpretation of the goose fish to convey passion and lust behind the lovers relationship. Finally, the couple decides to look to the fish as their patriarch and friend. When conveying this final conclusion, the speaker expresses the naivete of the lovers and their desperate attempts to extract blessings from the goose fish.However, the lovers overlook the fact that the fish has died. This use of irony shows how the appearance of the fish sym bolizes a personal connection to the lovers while in reality, the dead fish cannot fulfill this role. The visual division of this poem into five stanzas serves to create a play that consists of five acts. The lovers represent the actors of a drama. The fish becomes the unwelcome audience as the lovers share their intimacy with one another.When the lovers realize that something has watched their actions, they shiver with embarrassment, or stage-fright. While pondering over the goose fish, they stand hand in hand as if waiting for the curtain call. The goose fish appears to act as the comedian whose play whitethorn end in success or failure of the lovers relationship. In this way, the poet reinforces the conflict between the appearance of the numerous roles of the goose fish and the reality that the goose fish no longer lives.

Elementary education 1833-1870 Essay

What was the role of the g everywherenment in developing Elementary Education 1833-1870? 1. wherefore did the government play precise role in education earliers the nineteenth century? Government played little role in education prior to the nineteenth century because of many reasons, one of them being Laissez faire. Laissez faire was the doctrine of the government that it was non their role to get involved in the lives of the large number.Edward Baines wrote almost the state of education in 1846 and verbalise it is not the duty of the government to run away the messthese are things that the people can and ought to do themselves some thought this was the way God wanted things to be. Other felt that the fittest and richest could survive the idea did postal code for the poor. One of the only things government was willing to get involved in was defending the country. Money was another motive why the government played little role. The government didnt want to spend bills on edu cating the poor, they would much rather spend their cash on the royal stables and the military.On Samuel Whitbreads notification this topic was discussed It would burden the country with a most enormous expense. Not only did they not want to put money towards education precisely also it was going to be a very expensive project, which they thought could be done without. Samuel Whitbread argued that more education was demand and that raises money was the way forward when he stood up to the government, but the House of Lords rejected his Bill. The Class system was another thing that was preventing the government from contributing money towards education.Everyone knew his or her place in society so for the poor to read write and be educated would make them more intelligent and mess up the The Great Chain of beingness this was another name for the social structure at the time. The chain of being was written some once by a Bishop in 1720 and he said God so orders it that we always mystify some Poor among us from this the The great chain of being had come about. The Government simply didnt nail the need for change.There were already Sunday Schools and Dame Schools available for the poor, which were supplied by the church and individuals As far as education was concerned, the government was content training this its seems as if the government couldnt be bothered to improve if there was nothing wrong with how things were currently going. This reminds me of the old saying why fix it, if its not broken. Revolutionary ideas were also something that was considered to be a threat if the poor were to be educated.If they were taught to read then they would be able to understand and read Anti-Christian books and stories about revolutions in other countries such as France. This was also discussed in the Debate on Samuel Whitbreads Bill, It would enable them to read vicious books, and publications against Christianity religion was very slopped at this time and to disr upt it could have lead to social unrest. Revolting against how they feel they stand in society would make them insolent to their superiors this was also talked about on Samuel Whitbreads Bill.Parents of poor children didnt want their children to go to school and learn, because they wanted them to work and earn money. This was the traditional way of life for the poor people and most of them were keen to stick with it. They worked on farms and in mines. However if the parents were to look at the advantages of educating their children they would see that with an education they could get better jobs and earn more money. however though it would have taken time it still would have been the more intelligent choice, but as they were not educated themselves they never thought of it that way.2. Why did the government become involved in developing elementary education for all during the nineteenth century? Government eventually had to become involved in developing elementary education. The in creasing population meant that schools could not cope with the large amounts of pupils, so more schools were built to accommodate the demands of numbers. The large numbers of pupils also meant that more teachers were needed and to employ more teachers money was needed, so without the help and money from the government education would have gone nowhere.Not only would they have needed more teachers but also they would need bigger schools to have room for the large cast up of pupils. The poor people could no longer look later on themselves, so the government had to step in. They may have been struggling because the higher classes were sending their children to school so they would have had a tremendous advantage over the poor and uneducated children when they both contest for work, as they got older. A link the raising population had with the changes outside education is start-offly the 1832 Great Reform Act.For the first time the large new industrial towns were able to elect MPs, m ost of these MPs were keen on cleaning up the towns. In the end the combine effects of the Reform Act and the cholera epidemic of 1832 made the living conditions in all towns a major political issue. An education was needed for people to be able to operate the machines. Due to these demands the scope of education was widened to include the children of more ordinary men and women. Better-educated clerks and crafts people were needed to produce better goods to increase the countries economy with trade.Better-educated workers were wanted the future of workers education took a big step forward with the Factory Act of 1833. This Act laid down that every mill child should receive two hours schooling a day. Other countries were educating their youth and were therefore were ahead of Britain in that department, so to avoid embarrassment and keep up to date the government decided it was time to teach the younger generation. This was a very important time for the country because they realise d that the children are the future and educating them would be so much better for the government.This would be because to have more educated workers in the future would mean people doing and understanding their jobs better. If countries got ahead of Britain then they would have more knowledge, to stop this the government introduced an education Bill, this was read from it If we leave our workfolk unskilled, they will become over-matched in the competition of the world by W. E Forster. More money was coming in from the countrys trade and empire. This meant that more money could and was put forward towards education for the poor. Most of the money from the trade came from the industrial revolution.This was generally thanks to the trade that merchants did with Australia and other countries. Another thing that played a key part in the great income was the Railway industry. This was very quickly beseeming a national system and brought in great loads of money. A link with more money com ing in from education was that more money could be spent on defence. This was very helpful because if Britain were to go to war we would have hopefully have been well off. Poor people were given the determine to vote, but they needed some knowledge of who to vote for and why.If they knew what things they wanted from the government, then they could have a rough idea of who shares the same thoughts and ambition as them for the racecourse of the country. They needed to know who to vote for because if that person won he would run the country, so they are voting for a very important matter. In the regenerate Act of 1867 most working class men were giving the chance to vote. This was very important link outside education because with educated voters the country has a better chance of a good and well presented Prime Minister.

Advantages of Brands

A strong marker offers many advantages for marters including notices provide multiple sensory stimuli to stir customer recognition. For example, a brand can be visually recognizable from its packaging, logo, shape, etc. It can also be recognizable via sound, such as auditory modality the name on a radio advertisement or talking with someone who mentions the product. Customers who argon frequent and enthusiastic purchasers of a particular brand are likely to become Brand Loyal.Cultivating brand loyalty among customers is the ultimate reward for successful marketers since these customers are far less likely to be enticed to switch to different brands compared to non-loyal customers. Well-developed and promoted brands make product positioning efforts more effective. The result is that upon exposure to a brand (e. g. , hearing it, seeing it) customers conjure up mental images or feelings of the benefits they watch from using that brand. The reverse is even better.When customers as sociate benefits with a particular brand, the brand may have attained a significant competitive advantage. In these situations the customer who recognizes he needs a solution to a difficulty (e. g. , needs to bleach clothes) may automatically think of one brand that offers the solution to the problem (e. g. , Clorox). This benefit = brand association provides a significant advantage for the brand that the customer associates with the benefit sought. Firms that establish a successful brand can leave the brand by adding new products under the same family brand.Such branding may allow companies to introduce new products more easily since the brand is already recognized within the market. Strong brands can lead to financial advantages through the concept of Brand Equity in which the brand itself becomes valuable. Such gains can be realized through the out-right sale of a brand or through licensing arrangements. For example, society A may have a well-recognized brand (Brand X) within a market but for some reason they are looking to concentrate their efforts in other markets.Company B is looking to enter the same market as Brand X. If circumstances are right Company A could sell to Company B the rights to use the Brand X name without marketing any other part of the company. That is, Company A simply sells the legal rights to the Brand X name but retains all other parts of Brand X, such as the production facilities and employees. In cases of well developed brands such a transaction may carry a very large price tag. Thus, through strong branding efforts Company A achieves a large financial gain by simply signing over the rights to the name.But why would Company B seek to purchase a brand for such a high price tag? Because by buying the brand Company B has already achieved an important marketing goal building awareness within the target market. The fact the market is already be familiar with the brand allows the Company B to concentrate on other marketing decisio ns. We provide more detail on branding in the Managing Products tutorial with a superfluous emphasis on the strategies marketers follow in order to build a strong brand.

Outdoor-lifestyle retailer Essay

Executive Summary BBQfun pass on be the leading outdoor-lifestyle retailer, supply to the growing need for furnishing new and renovated dwellings in the greater Brisbane argona. The assortment offer of BBQs, outdoor furniture and BBQ accessories exit position BBQfun as best inclass for outdoor-lifestyle retailing. BBQfun will reinvent the way people shop for outdoor-lifestyle products. BBQfun will build its reputation on offering the adequateest assortment of products possible in our chosen fields, incorporating both topical anaesthetic and import goods with products sold on docile to manage grand-term payment political programs. Our after sales service and 3 year guarantees will find traction with a market dominated by low-quality. Situation Analysis BBQfun is close to entering its fifth year of operation.Te initial rollout of stores has been well nonplusd, and merchandising is now precise to its continued success and future bring inability. The store offers wide-ranging outdoor-lifestyle items on uncomplicated to manage payment terms and supplies a terzetto year guarantee on every item sold. The basic market need is for quality, fashionable and unique outdoor-lifestyle items that caters to the house-proud needs of our market. Market Summary BBQfun possess good information almost the market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of our most prized and loyal customers. BBQfun will leverage this information to better understand who is served, their specific needs, and how BBQfun faecal matter better spread abroad with them.Market Demographics Accessibility. The patron can gain easy access to the store with minimal wait. Customer service. The patron will be move with the after sales service and Guarantees. Competitive pricing. All products/services will be competitively priced relative to comparable naughty-end outdoor-lifestyle lines. Above all, BBQfun believes that easy to access stores with encompassing choices in our chosen fields, that are sold on an easy to manage payment plan with a three year guarantee are the keys to our customers needs and wants.Market TrendsThe market trend for outdoor-lifestyle stores is headed toward a more sophisticate and informed customer. The outdoor-lifestyles patron today relative to yesterday is more sophisticated in a number of antithetical ways. Item quality. The preference for high-quality items is increasing as customers are learning to appreciate the qualitative differences. Unique. Our patrons appreciate the opportunity to let in outdoor-lifestyles in their home that stand out from the mass produced and sold low quality items. Selection. People are demanding a larger selection of choices, they are nolonger accepting a hold offer in outdoor-lifestyles. The reason for this trend is that within the last couple of years there has been an explosion of media in the form of TV shows and magazines that have promoted exotic and different outdoor-lifestyles.Our patron s no longer need to accept a limited number of options. With more choices, patrons have beseem more sophisticated. This trend is intuitive as you can observe a more sophisticated patron in larger city markets such as Sydney or Melbourne where there has been more choices available. BBQfun strongly believes that customers are more interested in range of products, after sales service and easy to manage payments than all other issues. These are the reasons that they will shop with us and become loyal patrons. Technological developments with the broadband rollout across greater Brisbane and Australia is opening up earthshaking opportunities for net shopping and for providing information for our customers about our product range.Market GrowthIn 2008, the National outdoor-lifestyle market reached $300 million dollars. Outdoor lifestyle sales are estimated to grow by at least 6% for the next few years. This growth can be attributed to several(prenominal) different factors. The greater d isposable household income from the two income families, the greater availability of affordable and interesting quality imports with the high value of the Australian dollar and the marketing by popular TV shows interchangeable Homes Beautiful and Better Outdoor-lifestyles.EconomyBased on economic forecasts, BBQfun assumes that interest rates are staying steady and so will have no need on disposable income. The same assumption is made about employment aims, where BBQfun assumes that unemployment levels remain the same at 4.7%.PoliticalFrom research carried out, BBQfun identified that the Government snap and emphasis in future legislative containion will be about growing the sparing and population base which BBQfun sees as a arbitrary for their business model. There is also a strong push for environmentally sound business practices in the legislative framework. BBQfun, as business operating in Australia, will abide by the law in all its dealings and comply with all legislation that impacts on its business activities.SWOT AnalysisThe pursual SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weaknesses within the company, and describes the opportunities and threats facing BBQfun.Strengths Excellent staff who are highly skilled and knowledgeable about outdoor-lifestyles. Great retail place that is bright, functional and efficient for a commercial urban district. High customer loyalty among repeat customers. Assortment offerings that exceed competitors offerings in quality, range and accessibility.Weaknesses A limited marketing budget to develop stigmatise awareness due to the lack of decisive mass and store cover. The struggle to continually fund the growing long term repayment plans taken out by our customers.Opportunities A growing market in a high growth area with a meaningful percentage of the target market still not aware of BBQfuns offer. Increasing sales opportunities outside of our target area greater Brisbane.Threats competition from topical ane sthetic independents that can reduce prices as owner operators lower than our staff run stores. Competition from National chains moving into the Brisbane market. A slump in the economy reducing customers disposable income spent on outdoor-lifestyles.CompetitionNational Competition The Yard has a limited selection but significant depth. All Australian made. No significant marketing or promotion. The price point is high, but the quality of products are quite good. Not in Brisbane. generally in Sydney and Melbourne. BBQs R us Broad range of outdoor-lifestyle products including trinkets and furnishings. Lots of cheap imports. Concentrating on established markets. Strong in the replacements segment. Not in Brisbane. broadly speaking in Melbourne and Adelaide. Outdoorz Large operations of only a few stores per city. Mass markets outdoor lifestyles at good value prices. No imported goods. Extensive announce. modest to medium quality. Not in Brisbane. Strong in the replacement segment rather than new and refurbisheddwellings. Strong in other capital cities.Local Competition All independents. These stores are owned by individual owner operators. Ranges vary according to owner preferences. Very little imports. Mostly retailing Australian construct goods. Collectively their average item sale price is $250, have a market share of 48%, and are growing at about 8% per year. BBQfun do not see the competitors changing their marketing strategy or product offer in the foreseeable future.Growth and Share Analysis vernal dwellings growth in potential customers 10%. Estimated Brisbane customer numbers in 2010 is 95,000. Renovations growth in potential customers 7%. Estimated Brisbane customer numbers in 2010 is 35,000. stand-in growth in potential customers 5%. Estimated Brisbane customer numbers in 2010 is 120,000.Service OfferingBBQfun has created a outdoor-lifestyles range of retail products that are differentiated and pucka to competitors. Customers can see the qua lity of the product as it is dis molded in the stores. The following are characteristics of the product1. BBQfuns credit offer is backed by a top tier bank.2. Imported products make up 33% of the assortment.3. The 3 year guarantee is unique in the market place.4. Broadest possible range in chosen fields.BBQfuns prides itself on providing service that is on par if not better than any of the local independent stores and far in excess of the subject field chains. BBQfun will ensure that all aspects that are involved in the delivery of satisfaction to the customer will work using an integrated approach. At a GlanceThe Prototype BBQfun Store Location a commercial, suburban neighbourhood, or urban retail district. Design bright and functional. Size 1,000 to 1,500 m2. Employees 15 to 20 full time plus casuals Types of transactions 60% cash, 40% on long term repayment plan.Keys to SuccessLocation.BBQfuns site selection criteria are critical to success. Scott Bremmer, former partner of an i nternational chain, helped us identify the following site selection criteria New dwelling populations. Shopping patterns requiring easy access. Customer car position counts.Critical IssuesBBQfun is still in the speculative stage as a possible franchise concept or joint venture. Its critical issues are attached to sales growth which allows for greater options in import assortments and in reduced price with volume buys. This will promote our uniqueness and contribute to improved amplification margins. Continue to finance the easy manage long term repayment plan for customers. Locate in easy access sites close to the growing markets in new dwelling development. Marketing Strategy BBQfuns advertising budget is set at $250,000 for the year.The advertising program will target local letter-box drops, wireless and magazines. BBQfuns will do direct mail and local advertising, with coupon inserts in the BrisNews magazine likely to be the most successful of the campaigns. BBQfun will un dertake to get articles about BBQfun into the BrisNews magazine. Previous features in the BrisNews magazine has seen a dramatic increase of sales immediately after the article was published.MissionBBQfuns legation is to provide customers with the most extensive assortment of quality outdoor-lifestyle products available in the market. Our after sales service is second to none supported by our easy to manage long term repayment plans which make unique, imported and high quality outdoor-lifestyle affordable to all. BBQfun exist to attract and maintain outdoor-lifestyle customers wishing to purchase products that fall our customers pride in their homes. Our services will exceed the expectations of our customers.Marketing Objectives1. maturation sales from $15million per year to $20million per year in the nextthree years 2. Increase our loyalty customers list from 10,000 to 16,000. 3. Establish brand recognition in Brisbane so that at least 2 in 3 people recognise our brand in a rando m survey taken in 18 months time.3.3 Financial Objectives1. A double-digit growth rate for each future year.2. Reduce the operating cost per store through disciplined management of expenses.3. Continue increase our gross profit margins.Target MarketingThe market can be segmented into three target populations New dwellings generally want to purchase entire suites. Typically shopped as couples. Price sensitive to a point but co-ordination is the highest priority. Renovations demand for high quality and different items. Unique and exotic over rides price concerns. Replacement basic functional products that replace and broken or worn item. Single shopper. two-a-penny price required. The BBQfun customers are mostly aged between 20 and 50, making up 50% of the new and renovated dwelling market. Outdoor-lifestyle stores have been very successful in stand alone, extensive car park access, close to new housing estates being established. These areas have families who have household dis posable incomes of over $40,000 per year. Combining several key demographic factors, BBQfun arrives at a profile of the primary customer as follows Sophisticated people who are house proud. Shoppers who will drive to an easy to access store. A customers who requires payment plans to spread their commitment over an extended period. Renovators and new home builders 20-50 year oldsPositioningBBQfun will position itself as a broad assortment, quality, unique outdoor-lifestyle retailer. Brisbane consumers who appreciate high-quality and uniqueness will recognize the value and unique offerings of BBQfun. Patrons will be single as well as families, ages 20-50. BBQfuns positioning will leverage their competitive edge Product. The product will be wide ranging, quality and unique. It offers the house proud customer a differentoption from the cheap mass produced offer prevalent in the market Service. BBQfun offer the only 3 years guarantee in the market. Our easy play payment scheme is just what our mortgage repaying customers welcome. Our experienced staff can assist with product knowledge second to none in the industry. By offering a superior service in range and uniqueness, BBQfun will excel relative to the competition and achieve our objectives.Strategy PyramidsThe single objective is to position BBQfun as the premier outdoor-lifestyles store in the greater Brisbane area, commanding a majority of the market share within five years. The marketing strategy will look to to first create customer awareness regarding their services offered, develop that customer base, and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals. The message that BBQfun will seek to communicate is that BBQfun offers the widest, most exotic, easy access outdoor-lifestyle products in Brisbane. This message will be communicated through a class of methods. The first will be direct mail. The direct mail campaign will be a way to communicate directly with the consumer.BBQfun will also use ads and inserts in Brizzy magazine.The last method for communication BBQfuns message is through a grassroots PR campaign. This campaign will invite people from Brizzy for lunch to get articles written about BBQfun into the news. Because of this level of effectiveness and low/zero cost, BBQfun will work hard to get press in the Brizzy. BBQfun also believe that the local patrons far prefer to receive information from the store via flyers in the letterbox.Marketing MixBBQfuns marketing mix is comprised of these following approaches to pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. Pricing. While BBQfun will price at comparable prices for comparable quality, it will not be cheap. We push value over cheap and back this up with a 3 year guarantee. Distribution. BBQfun products will be distributed through a chain of retail stores which customers can access easily via the large car parking arrangements. Advertising and Promotion. The most successful advertising will be ads and inserts in the Brizzy as well as a PR campaign of informational articles and reviews also within the Brizzy. Promotions will take the form of in store entertainment and competitions with prizes to exotic overseas destinations. Customer Service. BBQfuns philosophy isthat whatever needs to be done to make the customer happy must(prenominal) occur, this investment will pay off with a fiercely loyal customer base who is extremely vocal to their friends with referrals.Product developmentIt is envisaged that new products will be developed on a regular basis in line with changes in customer taste which is targeted at every 12 months. The plan for product testing is to engage market research firms. By getting feedback from these firms, changes can be made or products canned so that only time-tested and proven products make it onto the store assortment list.Marketing ResearchDuring the initial phases of the marketing plan development, several focus groups were held to gain insigh t into a variety of patrons of outdoor-lifestyle stores. These focus groups provided useful insight into the decisions, and decision making processes, of consumers. An additional source of market research that is dynamic is a feedback mechanism base on a suggestion card system in store. The last source of market research is competitive analysis/appreciation. BBQfun management will continually visit local outdoor-lifestyle stores for two reasons.The first is for competitive analysis, providing BBQfun with timely information regarding other stores service offering. The second reason is that local business owners, are lots part of an informal fraternal organization where they support each others business. Financials, Budgets, and Forecasts This section will offer a financial overview of BBQfun as it relates to the marketing activities. BBQfun will address Break-even Analysis, sales forecasts, expense forecasts, and how those link to the marketing strategy.Break-even AnalysisThe Break -even Analysis indicates that $1.1 million in sales per year will be necessary to reach the break-even point. Fixed costs are estimated at $150,000. Variable costs are 40% of sales, therefore sales of $1.0 million will be enough to pay for the fixed and variable cost.Sales ForecastThe first year of the plan will be used to get the cafe up and running. By year two things will get busier. Sales will gradually increase with profitability being reached by the beginning of year two. Gross profit isanticipated at 50%. Ongoing sales forecasting will be to use the services of Cannons Consultants who will advise on all aspects of the marketing function that BBQfun will be engaged with. Cannons will also be given access to the marketing cost data so that they can periodically examine and validate marketing costs in line with industry benchmarks. They have always been the preferred consultants because they are locally based unlike the national group of consultants, Brown & Holingsworth, base d in Melbourne.